病毒与传平染病3.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Febrile phase 发热期 abrupt onset of a severe flu-like illness with a erythematous rash after an incubation period of 2-3 days Hypotensive phase 低血压期 begins at day 5 of illness Oliguric phase 少尿期 begins at day 9 of illness. The patient may develop acute renal failure and shock. Haemorrhages are usually confined to petechiae. The majority of deaths occur during the hypotensive and oliguric phases Diuretic phase 多尿期 occurs between days 12-14 Convalescent phase 恢复期 may require up to 4 months * The majority of cases are caused by the Sin Nombre virus（汉坦病毒属辛诺柏病毒） More than 250 cases of HPS have been reported throughout North and South America with a mortality rate of 50% HPS has a similar febrile phase, However, the damage to the capillaries occur predominantly in the lungs rather than the kidney. Shock and cardiac complications may lead to death * 血清学诊断 - a variety of tests including IF, HAI, SRH, ELISAs have been developed for the diagnosis of HVD and HPS 直接检测病毒抗原 - this appears to be more sensitive than serology tests in the early diagnosis of the disease. The virus antigen can be demonstrated in the blood or urine RT-PCR - found to of great use in diagnosing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 病毒分离 Virus isolation - isolation of the virus from urine is successful early in hantavirus disease. Isolation of the virus from the blood is less consistent 免疫组化 - useful in diagnosing HPS * Treatment of HVD and HPS depends mainly on supportive measures 支持疗法 Ribavirin 利巴韦林 reported to be useful if given early in the course of hantavirus disease Vaccination an inactivated vaccine is being tried out in China. Other candidate vaccines are being prepared Rodent Control control measures should be aimed at reducing contact between humans and rodents * 球形或椭圆形，直径为90nm～120nm，外有包膜，表面有空管样突起 病毒基因组为分节段的-ssRNA，包括L、M及S节段，与病毒的核蛋白（C）及少量病毒多聚酶共同组成病毒核衣壳。病毒的核衣壳呈二十面体对称 出生后l～4天的乳鼠对XHFV最为敏感，常用于病毒分离及传代。用Vero E6等细胞培养病毒不产生CPE，可用免疫荧光法通过检测 感染细胞的胞浆内可形成嗜碱性包涵体 * 新疆出血