欧洲文概况.pptVIP

Chapter 6 The Seventeenth Centure Introduction Part 1 Historical background – religion, trade, governance Part 2 New direction in thought Part 3 Science Part 4 The arts and literature Conclusion Introduction The 17th century was the century which lasted from 1601 to 1700. The principle question that arose on the 17th centure was to do with authority. In politics It was about who had the right to authority and in what ways it should be used. In philosopy It was a question of where authority lies, within the individual or outside of the individual. Introduction In science It was to do with establishing the authority of evidence through the use of science method. In religion It was about whether authority lies within the individual or with the church. Part 1 Historical background – religion,  trade, governance Three things were crucial in the development of 17th century European societies: The problem of religious differences The growth of a trading middle class The theories and practice of governance Religion Like other religious reformers of the time, Huguenots胡格诺教徒felt that the Catholic Church needed radical cleansing of its impurities, and that the Pope ruled the Church as if it was a worldly kingdom. The Catholic Church in France opposed the Huguenots, and there were incidents of attacks on Huguenot preachers and congregants聚会者 as they attempted to meet for worship. The height of this persecution迫害 was the St. Bartholomews Day massacre圣·巴多罗谬惨案 St. Bartholomews Day massacre圣·巴多罗谬惨案 . Millais painting, A Huguenot on St. Bartholomews day King Henry IV In 1598, King Henry IV signed the Edit of Nantes南特诏书 , which made the end of the religious wars, and gave the Huguenots the right to worship in their own way. Thirty Years War (in Germany) The Thirty Years War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in Germany and at various po