句子地英译-语序地调整和否定句地英译.ppt

第四章 句子的英译之 语序的调整 语序 语序指句子成分的排列次序，它是词语和句子成分之间关系的体现，反映语言使用者的逻辑思维和心理结构模式。句子语序的调整，从宏观看一般包括： 句内语序调整 句间语序调整 句内语序调整实例 别的方面呢？平常女孩子所喜好的事，她却一点都不爱。 And what’s more, she didn’t share the same likes with ordinary girls. (冰心《梦》，张培基译) 沙发上坐着一个人。 A man was sitting on a couch. 这甜蜜的犬吠声一直把我送入我在加德满都过的第一夜的梦中。 The sweet barking sent me straight into the dreams I had on my first night at Katmandu. (季羡林《加德满都的狗》，张培基) 在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。 In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts. 他们很细心地观察化学变化。 They observed the chemical reaction with great care. They observed with great care the chemical reaction. 他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。 They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda. Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda. Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda. 句间语序调整 就分句间的相对位置而言，汉语的顺序相对比较固定，一般按照先因后果、语序与时序相一致的顺序排列。而英语则比较灵活，语序与时序常常不相一致。这也是汉译英时需要调整语序的重要原因。（陈宏薇） 句间语序调整实例 佗用刀刮骨，悉悉有声。 The knife made a thin, grating sound as it scraped the surface. 如果说白天广州像座翡翠城，那么当太阳沉没，广州就成了一颗夜明珠，灯光如海，千街闪烁。 If Guangzhou is like a city of jadeite in the daytime, it becomes a luminous pearl, with a sea of lights twinkling in the streets after the sun sets in the west. 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难：但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 How significant can one’s life be at all. Is there a criterion of judgment? Of course, it is difficult to come up with an absolute one, but a general look at whether he takes life seriously and how he treats his work and life will make it easier to duly evaluate the significance of his being. 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己 的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等，莫不如此。 Throughout history, men with great achievements all treated their life seriously. While alive, they always tried to do more work and study, never allowing their youthful days to slip for nothing. Our working people through the ages as well as great po