从守望相助到吏治应以团练为先由团练省略织的发展演变看国家政权与基层社.pdf

(Agricultural History of China) 200411 / 0/ 0 ) ) ) 由团练组织的发展演变看国家政权与基层社会的互动关系 牛贯杰 ( , 100872) = 中国传统社会中,保甲制度是国家政权对基层社会实行有效控制和管理的手段, 团练源于保 甲通过对团练组织功能等方面发展流变的历史考察, 可以看到, 随着基层社会自身系统发展的趋于成熟, 团练逐渐从幕后走到前台, 其作用日益突出清中后期, 团练势力的崛起, 使国家政权与基层社会之间的关系 发生错位 = 团练; 国家政权; 基层社会; 历史变迁 = K23; K25 =A = 1000- 4459(2004) 01- 0073- 08 From / Defending Itself 0 to / Overtopping the Officials0 ) ) ) A Discussion of the Relationship etween Government and Grass-Roots NIU Guan-jie ( Dep artmant of H istory ,Remin University of China , Beij ing , 100872) Abstract : Baojia System is the efficient way y which the government controlled the demos in ancient China, andTuanlian was originated from it. Through the research on the historical development of Tuanlian organization, this paper tries to study the following fact: with the grass- roots society tending to maturity, the function of Tuan- lian organization ecame from strength to strength. Finally, the relationship etween government and grass- roots was un alanced in Late Qing Dynasty. Key Words: tuanlian; government; grass-roots society; history flux , , , , , 一/ 守望相助0: 以国家政权为 导的地方自卫武装 , , / 0/ 0 , / 0 ¹ / ) ) ) ) ) 0/ , , , , , , , X [ ] 2003- 10- 20 [ ] ( 1974) ) , , ¹ / 0 / 0 / 0 , / 0 / 0 ) 73 ) 中国农史 200411 , 0[ 1] 56/ , 0 ,/ [ 2] ; 0 / , , ¹ ; , , 0 , , , , / , , , 0 , / 0 :/ , , , , [ 3] 0 , / 0/ 0:/ , , [4] , , 0 / 0/ 0, /