车用燃料电池耐久性解决策略.pdf

ISSN 1674-8484 汽车安全与节能学报, 2011 年 , 第 2 卷 第 2 期 01/12 CN 11-5904/U J Automotive Safety and Energy, 2011, Vol. 2 No. 2 91 — 100 车用燃料电池耐久性的解决策略 衣宝廉，侯 明 （中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连 116023 ） 摘 要：车用燃料电池的耐久性是制约其商业化的技术挑战之一。该文从车用燃料电池材料与系统两方面论述了其衰减 机理与解决对策。系统方面主要分析了动态工况、启/停、低载怠速等过程中发生的反应气饥饿、动态电位循环以及 高电位对燃料电池的影响及解决对策；材料方面阐述了催化剂与载体、质子交换膜、膜电极组件以及双极板在提高 稳定性等方面的研究进展与发展方向。燃料电池的研发要坚持采用材料与系统改进并行的原则，现阶段可在原有材料 基础上利用系统控制策略的改进，提高车用燃料电池系统的使用寿命，但是这在一定程度上会增加系统复杂性；长 远地还要持续进行新材料的研发，最终形成材料创新、系统简化、满足商业化需求的新一代车用燃料电池技术体系， 为燃料电池汽车走向实用提供技术保障。 关键词：电动汽车；燃料电池；耐久性 中图分类号：U 469.72 Solutions for the durability of fuel cells in vehicle applications YI Baolian, HOU Ming Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, （ Dalian 116023, China ） Abstract: Durability is one of the challenges for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. The mechanisms and solutions for fuel cell degradation are elucidated from the material and system point of view. In the aspect of fuel cell system, typical operating processes are analyzed, such as driving cycles, start-stop, low load and idle conditions, in which reactant starvation, dynamic potential scanning and local high potential have signifi cant impacts on the fuel cell durability. Feasible strategies are also discussed for mitigating the degradation. The current state and perspective are addressed on the durability of key material in fuel cells, i.e., catalyst, catalyst support, proton exchange membrane, membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plate. The effect