第三章、国际结算中的票据(.ppt

第三章、国际结算中的票据(instrument used in international settlement) 第一节、票据概述(Giving a brief account of instrument ) 教学内容： 1、票据的概念 2、票据的流通形式 3、票据的特性 4、票据的法律系统 一、票据的概念 1、票据(bills)广义是指所有商业上作为权利凭证的单据(document of title)；狭义是指依据票据法签发的，以无条件支付一定金额为目的的有价证券，如汇票、本票、支票。本课所讲的票据是指狭义的票据。在国际贸易结算中使用最广泛，票据行为最完全，作用发挥最充分的是汇票。 2、It records debit and credit among participant, and substitutes currency in certain extent, circulating among participant, facilitating the transfer of credits. 二、票据的流通形式 The title of document can be transferred from one holder to another in three ways namely assignment, transfer, negotiation. 1、让与(assignment):It is effected by sending the appropriate transfer form signed by the transferor and relevant certificate to the organization which issued the securities for details of the new ownership to be entered on the register. 1、让与(assignment) 特点： （1）写出转让书的书面形式，表示转让行为并由转让人签名。 （2）在债务人那里登记过户，或书面通知原债务人（所以又被称为过户转让或通知转让）。 （3）受让人获得的权利要受到转让人权利缺陷的影响。 （4）三个当事人：转让人、受让人、原债务人。 2、交付转让(transfer) 适用于物权凭证的转让如B/L,warehouse receipt 特点（1）通过单纯的交付或背书交付，无需告知原债务人。（2）受让人取得票据的全部权利，可以以自己的名义向票据上所有的当事人起诉。（3）受让人获得票据的权利，并不优于其前手，而是继承前手的权利，仍要受到前手权利缺陷的影响。（4）两个当事人：转让人与受让人。 举例 甲、乙签订了一份贸易合同，甲是卖方，甲将应收货款转让给丙，但是实际上甲的货物有问题，或者根本没有交货，即甲对于应收货款本身权力就是有缺陷的，那么乙可以以货物有问题或没有交货为理由，对丙拒付。 3、流通转让(negotiation) Negotiation means the title can be transferred by delivering the certificate of title or by endorsement on the certificate completed by delivery.Bills of exchange ，promissory note,check are examples. 特点(1)The transferee in good faith and for value can acquire a better title than that held by all his prior parties.(2)The holder need not give notice of transfer to prior parties,especial to original debtor,to establish their title.(3)the holder can sue in his own name. (4)two parties:transferor and transferee. 举例 A person, say,A who acquired the instrument by fraud has only an empty title to it,but a bona fide transferee, say, person B,for value from the person A acquires a perfect title. The advantage of a person a