附加压力与分散系统的稳定性.PDF

大学化学(Daxue Huaxue) 54 Univ. Chem. 2016, 31 (1), 54–58 January • 师生笔谈• doi: 10.3866/pku.DXH 附加压力与分散系统的稳定性 刘国杰 黑恩成* (华东理工大学化学系，上海 200237) 摘要：较详细地讨论了附加压力与分散系统稳定性间的关系，指出分散相附加压力的降低是分散系统 趋向稳定的根本原因。以乳状液为例，附加压力降低不仅减少了液滴间相互碰撞的概率，而且更重要 的是，它与液滴表面形成牢固的保护膜密切相关。只有当液滴的附加压力趋近0时，分散系统才达到热 力学上稳定的状态，此时乳状液已变成了微乳状液。上述讨论也基本适用于固/液分散系统。 关键词：附加压力；分散系统；比表面熵；界面内压力；微乳状液 中图分类号：O64；G64 The Additional Pressure and the Stability of Disperse System LIU Guo-Jie HEI En-Cheng* (School of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China) Abstract: We discussed the relationship between the additional pressure and the stability of disperse system in detail. It was found that the reduction of additional pressure of disperse phase makes the disperse system become more stable. Taking the micro-emulsion as an illustration, the reduction of additional pressure lowers the collision probability among liquid droplets, and more importantly, it is closely associated with the formation of a strong protective film on the droplets. The disperse system could reach the thermodynamic stability state only when the additional pressure of the droplet tends to become zero, and the emulsion becomes micro-emulsion. The above discussion could also be applied to the solid/liquid disperse systems. Key Words: Additional pressure; Disperse system; Specific surface entropy; Interfa