尼各马科伦理学（下）.pdf

N ICOM A CH EA N E T H ICS 1 B O O K V I I I 1 AFTER what we have said, a discussion of friendship would naturally follow, since it is a virtue or implies virtue, and is be- sides most necessary with a view to living .For without friends no one would choose to live, though he had all other goods ; even rich men and those in possession of office and of dominating power are thought to need friends most of all ; for what is the use of such prosperity without the opportunity of beneficence, which is exer- cised chiefly and in its most laudable form towards friends ? Or how can prosperity be guarded and preserved without friends ? The greater it is, the more exposed is it to risk .And in poverty and in other misfortunes men think friends are the only refuge .It helps the young, too, to keep from error ; it aids older people by ministering to their needs and supplementing the activities that 尼各马科伦理学 2 are failing from weakness ; those in the prime of life it stimulates to noble actions - two going together- for with friends men are more able both to think and to act .Again, parent seems by nature to feel it for offspring and offspring for parent, not only among men but among birds and among most animals ; it is felt mutually by members of the same race, and especially by men, whence we praise lovers of their fellowmen .We may even in our travels how near and dear every man is to every other .Friendship seems too to hold states together, and lawgivers to care more for it than for j ustice; for unanimity seems to be something like friendship, and this they aim at most of all, and expel faction as their worst ene- my ; and when men are friends they have no need of j ustice, while