常见异常心电图学幻灯.ppt

医学教学课件系列 （三）正常心电图波形normal electrocardiographic complexes 正常心电图波形normal electrocardiographic complexes P波表示心房除极化P waves signal depolarization of the atria QRS 综合波表示心室的除极化QRS complexes signal depolarization of the ventricle T和U波由心室复极化形成T and U waves arise form ventricular repolarization （四）心电图导联 leads of the ECG 临床心电图的信号主要是从体表采集的。如将探测电极安置于体表相隔一定距离的任意两点，原则上约可测出心电的电位变化，此两点即构成一个导联。两点的连线代表导联轴，具有方向性。 临床常用的心电图导联共12个。 双极肢体导联 bipolar extremity 胸前导联（precordial leads） 胸前导联（precordial leads） V1 胸骨右缘第4肋间fourth intercostal spac at the right sternal border V2 胸骨左缘第4肋间fourth intercostal spac at the left sternal border V3 V2与V4连线的中点equidistant between V2 and V4 V4 左锁骨中线与第5肋间相交处 fifth intercostal space in the left midclavicular line V5 左腋前线V4水平处 left anterior axillary line, in the same horizontal plane as V4 V6 左腋中线V4水平处 left midaxillary line, in the same horizontal plane as V4 二、心电图的临床应用Clinical application of the ECG （一）心电图的测量方法determination method of the ECG （二）正常心电图normal ECG （三）心房与心室肥大 atrial and ventricular hypertrophy （四）心律失常 cardiac arrhythmias （五）心肌缺血、损伤和心肌梗死 myocardial ischemia injury an myocardial infarction （六）电解质与心电图 electrolytes and the ECG （七）洋地黄与心电图digitalis and the ECG （一）心电图的测量方法determination method of the ECG （二）正常心电图normal ECG 心电图综合波、间期和段的检测determination of ECG complexes, intervals, and segments 定标电压1cm＝1mV，纵坐标每一小格＝0.1mV 横坐标每1大格分为5小格，每小格＝0.04sec 每1大格＝0.2sec 心率的检测determination of the heart rate R-R间距为0.6sec，心率＝60÷0.6＝100次/min 正常心电图综合波、间期和段的图解diagram of ECG complexes, intervals, and segments 正常心电图综合波、间期和段的图解diagram of ECG complexes, intervals, and segments 1.Ｐ波：表示心房除极化，宽度不超过0.11sec；振幅在胸导联不超过0.25mV，胸导联不超过0.20mV　　　 正常心电图综合波、间期和段的图解diagram of ECG complexes, intervals, and segments 2. PR段（PR segment）：反映心房的复极过程及房室结和房室束的电活动，正常为0.12～0.20sec 正常心电图综合波、间期和段的图解diagram of ECG complexes, intervals, and segments 3. P-R间期（P-R interval）：P波与P-R段合计为P-R间期，正常为0.12～0.20sec 正常心电图综合波、间期和段的图解diagram of ECG complexes, intervals, and segments 4.