后期维特根斯坦与本质主义.doc-南开大学哲学院.doc

抛弃还是拯救？——后期维特根斯坦与本质主义 南 开 大 学 本 科 生 学 年 论 文 中文题目：抛弃还是拯救？——后期维特根斯坦与本质主义 英文题目：Abandon or Rescue: later Wittgenstein and essentialism 摘 要 本质主义是西方哲学中一个历史悠久、影响深远的哲学立场，强调把握隐藏在复杂现象背后的共同本质，追求一般性和普遍性。后期维特根斯坦提出“家族相似性”概念取代“共同本质”概念，那么是否意味着维特根斯坦完全抛弃了本质主义的哲学立场呢？“家族相似性”概念的提出的确消解了传统的本质概念，但却并没有彻底抛弃传统本质主义者所探讨的哲学话题，也没有完全背离本质主义对于共同性的哲学追求。可以说，后期维特根斯坦的哲学不是纯粹治疗型的，而是具有某种建构性，这就体现在它对本质主义的延续和补救上。在这个意义上，如果说传统本质主义经过几千年发展陷入了困境，那么后期维特根斯坦这种视角的转换实际上完成了对本质主义某种程度上的拯救，使得这种哲学的探讨有了一种新的可能性。 关键词：本质；家族相似性；本质主义；治疗；构建 Abandon or Rescue: later Wittgenstein and essentialism Abstract Essentialism is a philosophical position with a long history and far-reaching influence in western philosophy, emphasizing on grasping the common essence hidden behind complex phenomena and pursuing generality and universality.Later Wittgenstein put forward the concept of family resemblance to replace the concept of common essence, does it mean that Wittgenstein completely abandoned the philosophical stance of essentialism? The concept of family resemblance has indeed dispelled the traditional essential concept, but it has not completely abandoned the philosophical topic discussed by the traditional essentialists, nor deviated from the philosophical pursuit of commonality of essentialism. It can be said that later Wittgensteins philosophy is not purely therapeutic, but has some kind of constructiveness, which is embodied in its continuation and remedy of essentialism. In this sense, if the traditional essentialism has been in trouble after the development of thousands of years, then the transformation of later Wittgensteins perspective has actually accomplished some kind of salvation to the essentialism, which makes the exploration of philosophy have a new possibility. Keywords：essence；family resemblance；essentialism；therapeutic；constructiveness 抛弃还是拯救？——后期维特根斯坦与本质主义 目 录 HYPERLINK \l _Toc28085_WPSOffice_Level1 引言 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc22669_WPSOffice_Level1 一、维特根斯坦的“家族相似性”概念 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc23203_WPSOffice_Level1 二、家族相似与共同本质的