数字设计课件第二章.pptVIP

数字逻辑设计及应用 Chapter2 Number Systems and Code 重点： 1）二进制、八进制和十六进制数的表达及各种数制之间的相互转换； 2）符号数的表达及其加、减运算； 3）BCD编码和GRAY码。 2.1 Positional Number Systems 1.Decimal number A decimal number 1536.79d digits：0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9 weight：10i radix：10 power：i，start from the left of the decimal point, increase by one for each successive position from 0 ; from the right of the decimal point, decrease by one from (-1). An arbitrary decimal number D with p digits in integer and n digits in fraction dp-1dp-2……d1d0.d-1d-2……d-n General expression： A binary number 1011010.1012，： 3. Others LSB: Least Significant Bit MSB: Most Significant Bit bp-1bp-2…b1b0 .b-1…b-n 2.2 Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 1.concept Exp3：give the decimal value of the following numbers. 215.78= 3AD.8h= 2. 2-8 and 2-16 number’s Convensions （a）binary——octal、hexadecimal conversions Starting at the binary point，separate the bits into groups of 3 or 4,and replace each group with the corresponding octal or hexadecimal digit. If the leftmost group fall short of 3 or 4 bits, then 0 should be added to the left of the MSB; so do the right。 Exp：do the following positional-number-system conversion 。 1111011010.00112=( ? )8=( ? )h Solution: =1732.148 =3DA.3h (b) octal, hexadecimal-binary number conversion Replace each octal or hexadecimal with the corresponding group of 3 or 4bits. Exp：267.248=（ ？）2 96CA.28h=（ ？）2 2.3 general positional-number-system conversions Radix-r-to-decimal conversion: Each radix-r number’s digit multiply by its own weight, and add them . Exp：512.46=（ ？）d 1、decimal-to-radix-r conversion—integer part methods：除基取余 The integer of a p digits number in radix r is： Divide the formula by r successively, yield the successive digits of the integer of D (radix r) from the right to left till the quotient is 0. Exp： 371d =（?）2=（?）8=（?）h 2、 decimal-to-radix-r conversion—fraction part methods：乘基取整 The fraction of a p digits number in radix r is ： Multi