改良凹土基干燥剂的制备及性能研究材料物理与化学专业论文.docxVIP

西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1页 摘 要 凹凸棒石粘土是具有层链状结构的含水富镁酸盐的粘土矿物。凹凸棒石 呈现细小棒状、纤维状晶体形态，使其具有特殊的物理化学性质。凹凸棒石 含有独特的纳米级孔道，具有较大的内比表面，表现出优异的吸附性能，因 而被作为干燥剂原料开展了广泛的研究。 本文系统考察了苏皖地区四个不同矿点凹土的组成及其吸湿性能，探讨 了其吸湿性能的差异；考察了酸处理和超声波分散对凹土I吸湿性能的改善效 果；在此基础上针对现有凹土吸附干燥剂高湿度下潮解的缺陷，通过掺进大 孔容硅胶，有效改善了凹土干燥剂的吸湿性能，并对其机理进行了分析探讨。 研究结果表明，凹凸棒石晶体结晶度、蒙脱石与凹凸棒石的含量、凹土孔容 是影响凹土吸湿性能的主要因素；酸处理可显著提升凹土的吸湿性能；当凹 土：氯化钙：大孔硅胶比为l 5：2：3时，改良凹土基干燥剂吸湿性能最好且有效 抑制了凹土干燥剂的吐水返潮问题。 关键词： 凹土 吸湿 原料 改性 添加剂 锁水 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1I页 一。—————————————————————————二_=——————————————————————一————————————————————————————————————————————一 ABSTRACT Attapulgite was a chain-layer magnesium——aluminum silicate mineral and possessed unique chemical property with fibrillar crystal．Attapulgite exhibited excellent absorptive properties owing to its desirable properties such as high porosity and large specific surface area．Therefore，attapulgite was extremely investigated as the raw material of desiccant in recently years． In this study，the composite and absorptive ability of attapulgite mined from different producing areas were analyzed．The effect of moisture absorption of at tapulgite which was acidized and ultrasonically modified was also investigated． Subsequently，according to the above results，the moisture absorption of attapulg ite matrix desiccative which was deliquesced easily in high humidity was enhanc ed by adding silica—gel with high sorption capacity，and the mechanism was anal yzed．The results revealed that the attapulgite with higher crystallinity and sorpti on capacity and larger montmorillonite exhibited better adsorptive ability．And t he moisture absorption of attapulgite acidized was improved obviously．Moreove r，the attapulgite matrix desiccant modified by silica-gel possessed excellent moi sture absorption and deliquescence-proof When the ratio for attapulgite，CaCl2 a nd Silica．gel was 15：2：3． KEY WORDS：attapulgite，moisture，raw material，modification，additive， deliquescence—proof 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1页 1 绪