对19世纪浪漫主义时期欧洲女性音乐家的探究音乐学专业论文.docxVIP

固 固 撇 Abstract Abstract Despite social，educational，and economic restrictions，women participated in every aspect ofmusical life in the nineteenth century。Songs，keyboard music，chamber music， symphonies，and operas composed by women were performed and published。Performers were seen and heard on concert stages throughout Europe·and women flocked to the great conservatories established in the nineteenth century and availed themselves of the professional training now open to them。Women were employed as teachers in the public conservatories and founded theft owll schools as well。Denied membership in symphony and opera orchestras，they established theft own ensembles。Women writers and scholars produced basic studies on music and musical life。As in previous centuries，however，most of the professional women musicians were from families of musicians with a generations—long tradition。 The new prosperity ofthe middle classes afforded a great many women the time to study music。A large group of amateurs developed，some rising to the highest levels of musical proficiency but not given the opportunity to work professionally because of the prevailing attitudes toward feminine behavior。Most often，the well—to-do musical amateur，no matter how talented，was forced to limit herselfto domestic music making。The accomplishments of professional and amateur women musicians of the nineteenth century have largely been ignored by historians。They are only mow beginning to be recognized。 Keyword：19th．century,romanticism，Europe，female musician Ⅱ 园前言 园 前言 音乐上的浪漫主义时期，是继维也纳古典乐派之后，于19世纪初叶至末叶在欧洲 形成和发展的重要音乐流派。在艺术上，浪漫乐派在承袭古典乐派优良传统的基础上， 进行了许多新的探索。他们主张音乐与诗歌、戏剧等艺术结合，提倡音乐的标题性，形 成了有别于古典乐派的风格特征。浪漫乐派在欧洲音乐文化史上是一个重要的历史阶 段，对后来19世纪中期兴起的民族乐派以及此后兴起的现代乐派的创作都有深刻的影 响。浪漫主义时期音乐的代表人物有韦伯、门德尔松、舒曼、舒伯特、瓦格纳、柏辽兹、 肖邦、李斯特、柴科夫斯基等。但是在这些伟大的男性音乐家之外，我们也不能忽视和 否认同一时期众多女性音乐家对浪漫主义音乐发展和变革所带来的推动作用。越来越多 的女性加入到专业音乐生活中既是当时提出的“性别平等”的结果，同时又反过来推动 了进一步的“性别平等”。她们的音乐活动对以后现代乐派的产生也具有积极意义。因 此本文把浪漫主义时期女性音乐家的音乐活动和贡献做为研究的内容和重点。 法国大革