钻井工程英文课件21.1 Well Control.pptVIP

If the flow rate is sufficient to transport the solids out of the well the well will continue to flow. However, if the flowrate is not sufficient to transport the solids out of the well bore a bridge plug will be set. If a bridge plug is set high above the flowing formation, an underground blowout may occur. Alternative, pressure build-up may break the bridge-plug and the well is flowing again. From field data a most likely scenario can be constructed from our model. The blue dots illustrate the most likely path for deepwater and ultra-deep water wells. This is in agreement with data from litterature. Currently the model is being tested with cores from the deep sea drilling project. The solid production model has other applications in production, such as sand control and cavity like completions. There is a fatalistic mindset in the industry that a relief well, due to the unique geometry of a deepwater well, is the primary well-killing option for a deepwater blowout. A dynamic kill can be done from the drillstring in the well or by drilling a relief well. The objective of a dynamic kill is to create enough frictional pressure in the blowing well to choke the influx of formation fluid. Note that the frictional pressure is directly proportional to the length from the injection point to the seafloor. To successfully plan a dynamic kill a dynamic kill simulator should be used. It is important to determine the flowrate required to kill the influx. The flowrate determines what kind of surface equipment we need. Also, the optimum injection point needs to be determined. If the pressure in the well is high, multiple relief wells may be required. We need a dynamic kill simulator for case studies and to verify procedures. What happens as we move into deeper water. For a land well we would need a 16 ppg mud to control a 16640 psi pressure. In ultra-deep water we need a 23.4 ppg mud to control a 16640 psi pressure. No muds available with this density. The length o