中国股市和美国市镜像关系的实证研究5.pptVIP

Class 5.Motivation Theory §5.1 concept Motivation: the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals,conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need Need:some internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive Process:unsatisfied need---tension---drives---search behavior---satisfied need----reduction of tension Class 5. Motivation Theory §5.2 Early theory of Motivation The 1950s were a fruitful period in the development of motivation concepts.3 specific theories were formulated during this time 1.Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow There is a hierarchy of 5 needs---physiological, safety,social,esteem, self-actualization---and as each need is sequentially satisfied,the next need becomes dominant Separation:Lower order needs---needs that are satisfied externally; physiological safety needs review:1.intuitively logical,ease of understanding, receiving wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers. 2.little empirical support 2.Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor proposed 2 distinct views of human being The assumption that employees dislike work,are lazy,dislike responsibility, must be coerced to perform employees dislike work ,whenever possible,will attempt to avoid it; They must be coerced,controlled,or threatened with punishment to achieve goals; avoid responsibilities seek formal direction whenever possible; Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work will display little ambition Theory Y: The assumption that employees like work,are creative,seek responsibility, can exercise self-direction higher order needs dominate individuals 3. Motivation-Hygiene Theory Frederick Herzberg, individual’s relation to his work Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction satisfaction, No satisfaction Hygiene factors:those factors---such as company policy administration,supervision