1997 Lightwave applications of fiber Bragg gratings英文电子资料.pdf

JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 15, NO. 8, AUGUST 1997 1391 Lightwave Applications of Fiber Bragg Gratings C. R. Giles (Invited Paper) Abstract— Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG’s) have emerged as in the FBG becoming a ubiquitous and necessary element important components in a variety of lightwave applications. in equipment located throughout the network from the cen- Their unique filtering properties and versatility as in-fiber devices tral office to the home. Indeed, FBG’s are now used in is illustrated by their use in wavelength-stabilized lasers, fiber lasers, remotely pump amplifiers, Raman amplifiers, phase con- commerically available add/drop multiplexers and wavelength- jugators, wavelength converters, passive optical networks, wave- stabilized pump lasers. Before discussing the applications of length division multiplexers (WDM’s) demultiplexers, add/drop FBG’s, a tutorial introduction to grating theory is included in multiplexers, dispersion compensators, and gain equalizers. order to improve understanding and clarify grating design. Index Terms— Gratings, optical fiber filters, optical filter com- munications. II. THEORY The study of wave interactions with periodic structures [5] I. INTRODUCTION has yielded convenient methods of analysis. Gratings have IGHTWAVE networks enable h