实用英语语法教程-第十九章 一致关系.pptVIP

第十九章 一致关系 1. 主语和谓语的一致 2. 名词和代词的一致 3. 主语与状语逻辑主语的一致 4. 平行结构中成分的一致 1 主语和谓语的一致 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称、数上要保持一致，它一般涉及三个原则： （1）语法一致原则——从语法形式上取得一致，如主语为单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The taboo against eating pork occurs in more than one culture. 不止一种文化有忌食猪肉的习俗。 （2）意义一致原则——从意义着眼来处理一致问题，如有时主语虽然形式上是单数，但意义为复数，此时谓语动词须用复数形式。如：The New York police are world-famous. 纽约警察举世闻名。 （3）邻近一致原则——谓语动词的数往往和靠得最近的主语的数保持一致。如：Neither the players nor the coach was confident of victory. 球员们和教练都没有取胜的信心。 1. 1 并列结构作主语的主谓一致 (1) 以and连接两个名词作主语时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Mary and Linda are twin sisters. 玛丽和琳达是双胞胎姐妹。 Both Jack and Tom agree to come to the party. 杰克和汤姆都同意来参加聚会。 War, famine and other calamities have brought heavy losses to the local people. 战争、饥荒、及其他灾难给当地人民造成巨大的损失。 （2）若and连接的两个名词指同一人或物，或视为一个整体时，则动词用单数。例如： A clerk and secretary is needed in the office. 办公室里需要一个做秘书的职员。 The iron and steel industry is of great importance to the national economy. 钢铁工业对国民经济至关重要。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕、和聪慧。（看作一件事） （3）当and连接的并列结构前有each, every, no, many a等修饰时，动词用单数。例如： Every man, woman and child was given a present. 每个男人、女人和孩子都被赠予了礼物。 Many a student and teacher knows that the Internet is a good source of information. 许多师生都知道互联网是很好的信息来源。 No sound and voice is heard for a long time. 很长时间听不到声响。 （4）由or, either…or, neither… nor, not only… but also, not…,but等连接的两个或两个以上的并列主语，一般按“邻近一致”原则来确定其谓语动词的形式。例如： Neither his training nor his experience as a railway engineer qualifies him for his job. 他所受过的训练和拥有的经验，都不能使他胜任当火车司机的工作。 Either you or he is driving against traffic regulations. 不是你就是他违章驾驶。 Not just the students but even their teacher likes this novel. 不仅是学生，甚至他们的老师都很喜欢这本小说。 （5）当主语后跟有accompanied by, along with, as much as, as well as, besides, but, combined with, except, in addition to, including，instead of，like, no less than, plus, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词仍按主语的单、复数而定。例如： No one but Mary and Jim was there then. 当时除了玛丽和杰姆外，没有别人在场。 She no less