敦煌莫高窟崖体中盐分分布特征研究.docxVIP

敦煌莫高窟崖体中盐分分布特征研究 　　内容提要：敦煌莫高窟的部分壁画受到起甲、酥碱、疱疹等多种病害的破坏，病害的产生与崖体中盐分的运移有关，深入研究莫高窟崖体砂砾岩中盐分分布特征，对科学防治莫高窟壁画病害具有重要意义。通过对莫高窟第108窟西壁崖体砂砾岩中盐分和莫高窟崖体顶部以下20m深度范围内盐分调查，发现莫高窟崖体砂砾岩中盐分种类主要为硫酸盐和氯盐。整个崖体砂砾岩中盐分在大范围内分布较均匀，但在临空面出现了盐分集聚现象，在洞窟西壁和崖体顶部以下深度范围内盐分含量很高，平均为%，最高为%。本文首次从较深范围内对莫高窟崖体砂砾岩中盐分的分布特征进行了研究，这为以后莫高窟壁画盐害分析研究提供重要的数据支持。　　关键词：莫高窟；砂砾岩；盐分分布；壁画病害　　中图分类号： 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000--0125-06　　A Study of the Salt Distribution in the Cliffs of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes　　YANG Shanlong1，2，3 WANG Xudong1，2，3 GUO Qinglin1，2，3 Pei Qiangqiang2，3　　　　Abstract： The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes site is famous for its exquisite wall paintings and statues. Some of these wall paintings have been damaged by flaking， efflorescence， blisters， and other types of deterioration. Many scholars believe the deterioration is related to salt migration from underlying cliffs into the wall paintings， which makes it very important to study the salt distribution characteristics in the Mogao Grotto cliffs in order to control further damage. An investigation of the salt in the west wall of cave 108 and at the top of the cliff at a depth of 20 meters shows that the main salt types are sulfate and chlorine conglomerated within the Mogao cliff. The salt distribution is even over a large scope， but a high concentration can be found toward the surface of the cliff face： salt content is very high on the surface of the west wall of the caves and in the cliff in a depth of meters， with a highest value of % and an average value of %. This is the first study of the salt distribution characteristics of the Mogao Grotto cliffs， the researchers aim here to provide important supportive information for future data analysis of salt deterioration in Mogao murals.　　Keywords： Mogao Grottoes； conglomerate； salt distribution； wall painting deterioration　　一 前 言　　莫高窟是在砂?[岩上开凿洞窟的，然后在砂砾岩表面敷泥制作地仗层，再在地仗层上绘制壁画[1]。莫高窟现存有壁画的洞窟为492个，其中有病害的洞窟为245个：酥碱的有61个，龟裂、起甲的82个，烟熏的47个，霉变的7个[2]。　　随着对莫高窟壁画病害机理研究的逐步深入，认识到壁画酥碱、疱疹、空鼓等多种病害的形成与洞窟围岩中盐分运移有关[3，4]，因而对莫高窟崖体