长沙地区暴雨气候特征分析及个例研究.docxVIP

长沙地区暴雨气候特征分析及个例研究 　　摘要 对长沙地区长沙站、宁乡站、浏阳站和马坡岭站4个站点的1981―XX年暴雨资料进行统计分析，结果表明，出现暴雨日数最多的是宁乡站，其次是马坡岭站。长沙地区春季、夏季、秋季和冬季暴雨日数分别占全年总暴雨日数的%、%、%和%。其中6月暴雨日数最多，占夏季总暴雨日数的%，为全年总暴雨日数的%。近35年来，长沙地区年暴雨日数呈增多趋势，气候倾向率为 d/10年。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季暴雨日数整体均处于增多趋势，这与长沙近35年暴雨日数变化趋势一致，气候倾向率分别为、、、 d/10年，并以夏季增多最为明显。选取长沙市暴雨天气个例进行分析，得出暴雨主要影响系统，且水汽、动力等物理量均与暴雨有着很好的对应关系。　　关键词 暴雨；气候特征；个例；天气系统；雷达产品；卫星云图；湖南长沙　　中图分类号 +4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007--0188-04　　Abstract Statistical analysis of rainfall data of the 4 stationsin Changsha area from 1981 to XX was conducted. The results showed that there were the most torrential rain days in Ningxiang Station，and the least torrential rain days in Mapoling Station. The torrential rain days of spring，summer，autumn and winter in Changsha area respectively accounted for %，%，% and % of the annual total torrential rain days. The maximum monthly torrential rain days was in June，accounting for % of the total torrential rain days in summer and % of the annual total torrential rain days. In recent 35 years，the torrential rain days in Changsha area was increasing，and the climate tendency rate was d per 10 years. The torrential rain days in spring，summer，autumn and winter showed a increasing trend，which was consistent with the change trend of torrential rain days in recent 35 years in Changsha area，and the decadal climate tendency rates were d， d， d and torrential rain days increased the most obviously in summer. The torrential rain weather case in Changsha City was analyzed，and the main effect system was concluded，it showed that there was fine correspondence between torrential rain and physical quantities，such as water vapor，dynamic，etc.　　Key words torrential rain；climate feature；case；weather system；radar product；satellite cloud image；Changsha Hunan　　长沙位于中国中南部的长江以南、湖南省的东部偏北地区，地处湘江下游和长浏盆地西缘，属洞庭湖平原的南端向湘中丘陵盆地过渡地带。长沙地区属亚热带季风性湿润气候，年平均气温～ ℃，年均降水量1 ～1 mm，光热资源丰富，降水充沛，雨热同期，夏初雨水较多，是我国多雨区之一。长沙特殊的地理位置，除受到西风带系统影响外，还常受到台风和东风波等系统的影响，多暴雨天气出现。每年的4―6月，冷暖空气频繁交汇，极易形成强降水天气，而7―9月经常受台风、东风波等热带天气系统的影响，形成暴雨天气，暴