青藏高原地表特征参数地基观测与卫星遥感反演研究-中国科学院青藏.DOC

青藏高原中部壳幔结构及动力学过程—上地幔各向异性研究 摘要：本文通过分析中国科学院青藏高原研究所2005年布设在青藏高原的宽频带数字地震观测流动台站记录的横波核幔震相数据，获取了各个台站的横波分裂参数，并对其进行了综合分析研究，主要结论如下：1.通过观察横波分裂参数的水平分布规律，采用菲涅耳带分析方法，认为~175公里深度以上的上地幔物质的各向异性是研究区北部引起横波分裂的主要原因。2.慢波分量延时的变化揭示了在~30.5oN附近存在一个上地幔过渡带，将研究区划分为南北两部分。在研究区的南部，平均慢波分量延时约为0.4秒，远小于研究区北部平均约为1.0秒的慢波分量延时。研究区内慢波分量延时的变化揭示了研究区的南部和北部可能分别属于不同的大地构造体系。3. 在研究区的南部，快波偏振方向与地壳的运动方向近似垂直，慢波延时较小，推断引起各向异性的物质主要存在于地壳中；在研究区的北部，快波偏振方向与地壳的运动方向近似平行，慢波延时较大，推断各向异性地层主要位于下地壳与上地幔中,可能是调节地壳与下地幔之间变形的解耦层。4. 快波偏振方向和慢波分量延时的变化揭示了印度岩石圈地幔俯冲到了~30.5oN附近。5. 研究变形机制的变化是理解青藏高原大地构造演化的关键之一。研究区南北两部分的变形机制的差异可能与岩石圈地幔流变性的变化相关，或标志着从大陆碰撞以及地表应力场的直接影响向伴随区域走滑断裂过程的现今板块运动占主导地位的转变。 Abstract：?This paper has analyzed observations of shear waves recorded on horizontal components at the broadband stations of the ITP2005 array. Splitting of shear wave is consistently observed at core-mantle phase. Through comprehensive analysis on the results and by the reference to other results, the major conclusions of this study are summarized as follows:1. The changes of delay times reveal a pronounced different tectonic regime between south and north, which means that an upper mantle transition zone exists near ~30.5oN. It divides the study area into two parts. In the southern part of the study region, the delay time is ~0.4 s in average. In the northern part, it is ~1.0 s in average.2. A Fresnel zone analysis suggests that the upper mantle (above ~175 km depth) is the most likely source of anisotropy. 3. While GPS campaigns provide evidence suggesting crustal flow in the study region, the result of anisotropy in southern part of our study region argues against such flow in the upper mantle, i.e. the fast polarization directions are quasi perpendicular against known surface features and geodetic estimates of the crustal displacement fields. The delay times in the south are small, suggesting anisotropic layers mainly in the crust. In northern part of the region, the directions of fast wave polarization are coherent with the crustal flow which was