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This article?needs additional citations for verification.?Please help?improve this article?by?adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be?challenged?and?removed.?(January 2011)Cavernous sinus thrombosisClassification and external resourcesOblique section through the cavernous sinus. ICD-10G08ICD-9325DiseasesDB2184MedlinePlus001628eMedicineemerg/87?neuro/572MeSHD020226Cavernous sinus thrombosis?(CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the?cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. The cause is usually from a spreading infection in the nose, sinuses, ears, or teeth.?Staphylococcus aureus?andStreptococcus?are often the associated bacteria. Cavernous sinus thrombosis symptoms include: decrease or loss of vision,?chemosis,?exophthalmos?(bulging eyes), headaches, and paralysis of the?cranial nerves?which course through the cavernous sinus. This infection is life-threatening and requires immediate treatment, which usually includes?antibiotics?and sometimes surgical drainage. Contents ??[hide]? 1?Clinical features 2?Etiology 3?Diagnosis 3.1?Differential diagnosis 3.2?Workup 3.2.1?Laboratory tests 3.2.2?Imaging studies 4?Treatment 4.1?Non-pharmacologic therapy 4.2?Acute general treatment 4.3?Long-term treatment 5?Key points 6?References Clinical features[edit source?|?editbeta] The clinical presentation of CST can be varied. Both acute, fulminant disease and indolent, subacute presentations have been reported in the literature. The most common signs of CST are related to anatomical structures affected within the cavernous sinus, notably cranial nerves III-VI, as well as symptoms resulting from impaired venous drainage from the orbit and eye. Classic presentations are abrupt onset of unilateral periorbital?edema,?headache,?photophobia, and bulging of the eye (proptosis). Other common signs and symptoms include: Ptosis,?chemosis,?cranial nerve palsies?(III, IV, V, VI). Sixth ne