英语语言学名词.doc

现代语言学? 一 绪论 1 Lingu?isiti?cs: 语言学 Lingu?istic?s is gener?ally defin?ed as the scien?tific? study? of langu?age 2 Phone?tics: 语音学 The study? of sound?s which? are used in lingu?istic?s commu?nicat?ion is calle?d phone?tics. For examp?le, vowel?s and conso?nants? 元音、辅音、声调、 HYPER?LINK http://baike?.baidu?.com/view/42711?7.htm \t _blan?k 重音以及节奏、音变 3 Phono?logy: 音韵学Th?e study? of how sound?s are put toget?her and used in commu?nicat?ion is calle?d phono?logy. For examp?le, phone?, phone?me, and allop?hone. 4 Morph?ology?: 形态学Th?e study? of the way in which? morph?emes are arran?ged to form words? is calle?d morph?ology?. For examp?le, boy and “ish”---boyis?h, teach?---teach?er. 5 Synta?x: 句法学 The study? of how morph?emes and words? are combi?ned to form sente?nces is calle?d synta?x. For examp?le, ”John like lingu?istic?s.” 6 Seman?tics: 语义学Th?e study? of meani?ng in langu?age is calle?d seman?tics. For examp?le: “The seal could? not be found?. The zoo keepe?r becam?e worri?ed. The seal could? not be found?, The king becam?e worri?ed.” Here the word seal means? diffe?rent thing?s. 同义词、反义词，同音词 7 Pragm?atics?: 语用学 The study? of meani?ng in conte?xt of use is calle?d pragm?atics?. For examp?le, “I do” The word do means? diffe?rent conte?xt. 在特定情景?中的特定话?语，研究如何通?过语境来理?解和使用语?言。 8 Socio?lingu?istic?s: 社会语言T?he study? of langu?age with refer?ence to socie?ty is calle?d socio?lingu?istic?s. For examp?le: regio?nal diale?cts, socia?l varia?tion in langu?age. 方言， 9 Psych?oling?uisti?cs: 语言心理 The study? of langu?age with refer?ence to worki?ngs of mind is calle?d psych?oling?uisti?cs. 二 音系学 1 Phone?tics: 语音学Th?e study? of sound?s that are used in lingu?istic? commu?nicat?ion is calle?d phone?tics. 2 Phono?logy: 音韵The? study? of how sound?s are put toget?her and used in commu?nicat?ion is calle?d phono?logy. 3 Phone?: 语音 Phone? can be simpl?y defin?ed as the speec?h sound?s we use when speak?ing a langu?age. A phone? is a phone?tic unit or segme?nt. It does not neces?saril?