机械工程材料双语课件2).ppt

* * * * * 2.2 Crystal structures of metals 2.2.1 Crystal structures of pure metals Metal atoms are combined by the interaction between the positive ions and the free electrons, named metallic bonds. Metals tend to array tightly. 价电子云 正离子 Metallic bonds Metals have good thermal conductivity, electric conductivity, ductility and metallic brightness. The common crystal lattice type of pure metals are body centered cubic (bcc), face centered cubic (fcc), and close-packed hexagonal. 二、金属的晶体结构 1、纯金属的晶体结构 金属原子是通过正离子与自由电子的相互作用而结合的，称为金属键。 金属原子趋向于紧密排列。 价电子云 正离子 金属键示意图 具有良好的导热性、导电性、延展性及金属光泽。 常见纯金属的晶格类型有体心立方(bcc)、面心立方(fcc)和密排六方(hcp)晶格。 ⑴ Body centered cubic crystal lattice Body centered cubic crystal lattice Parameters for body centered cubic crystal lattice Body centered cubic crystal lattice Atomicity: 2 Coordination number: 8 Tightness: 0.68 Frequent metals: ?-Fe, Cr, W, Mo, V, Nb, etc. Crystal lattice constants: a(a=b=c) Atom radius: 体心立方晶格 原子个数：2 配位数： 8 致密度：0.68 常见金属：?-Fe、Cr、W、Mo、V、Nb等 晶格常数：a(a=b=c) 原子半径： ⑵ Face centered cubic crystal lattice Faced centered cubic crystal lattice Parameters for face centered cubic crystal lattice a 4 2 r = ： Atom radius: Atomicity: 4 Coordinate number: 12 Tightness: 0.74 Frequent metals: ?-Fe, Ni, A l, Cu, Pb, Au, etc. Crystal lattice constant: a Face centered cubic crystal lattice a 4 2 r = ： 原子半径 原子个数：4 配位数： 12 致密度：0.74 常见金属： ?-Fe、Ni、Al、Cu、Pb、Au等 晶格常数：a 面心立方晶格 ⑶ Closed-packed hexagonal crystal lattice Parameters for closed-packed hexagonal crystal lattice a 2 1 r = ： Atom radius: Atomicity: 6 Coordinate number: 12 Tightness: 0.74 Frequent metals: Mg, Zn, Be, Cd, etc. Crystal lattice constant: side length of base face a and c, c/a=1.633 Closed-packed hexagonal crystal lattice a 2 1 r = ： 原子半径 原子个数：6 配位数： 12 致密度：0.74 常见金属： Mg、Zn、 Be、Cd等 晶格常数：底面边长 a 和高 c， c/a=1.633 密排六方晶格 ⑷ closed-packed planes and orientations of the three ordinary crystal lattices Atomicity on unit area of the crystal plane is called crystal pl