惠更斯—菲涅耳原理.ppt

Diffraction概论： Light does not always travel in a straight line. It tends to bend around objects. This tendency is called diffraction.“ Any wave will do this, including matter waves and acoustic waves. Why it’s hard to see diffraction 为什么平常难见衍射？ Diffraction of a wave by a slit Whether waves in water or electromagnetic radiation in air, passage through a slit yields a diffraction pattern that will appear more dramatic as the size of the slit approaches the wavelength of the wave. Diffraction of ocean water waves Diffraction by an Edge刀口衍射 Light passing by edge Radio waves diffract around mountains无线电波在山顶的衍射 惠更斯原理 Huygens Principle In 1678 the great Dutch physicist Christian Huygens (1629-1695) wrote a treatise (论文) called Traite de la Lumiere on the wave theory of light, and in this work he stated that the wavefront of a propagating wave of light at any instant conforms to the envelope of spherical wavelets emanating (发出) from every point on the wavefront at the prior instant (with the understanding that the wavelets have the same speed as the overall wave).? Or: Every point of a wave front may be considered the source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all directions with a speed equal to the speed of propagation of the waves. Huygens-Fresnel Principle 英语表述 Augustin Fresnel (1788-1827) elaborated on Huygens Principle by stating that the amplitude of the wave at any given point equals the superposition of the amplitudes of all the secondary wavelets at that point (with the understanding that the wavelets have the same frequency as the original wave).? The Huygens-Fresnel Principle is adequate to account for a wide range of optical phenomena, and it was later shown by Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) how this principle can be deduced from Maxwells equations.? How do you think of Huygens-Fresnel Principle ?对惠更斯-费涅尔原理 的质疑 …… In any case, the Huygens-Fresnel Principle has been very useful and influential in the field of optics, although there is a wid