专四语法总结.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 8 专四必备语法 ?(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如： By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。 It is four years since John left school(一般过去式). (4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如： ?????? It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. (5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。 ?3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。如： ?????? The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.? 二、不定式 ?1.不定式做主语 (1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.、 It is silly of you to be cheated by him.. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. It’s time for you to get up. ?3.不定式做定语 做后置定语。如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性 This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used. According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation. (5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如： Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. I want something to eat. ?4.不定式做状语 不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。 so as to不能置于句首。如： The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. only to表示意想不到的结果， Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked. 三、动名词 ?1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词 牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词： acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive