基于博弈论的价格差异研究-金融学专业论文.docxVIP

内容摘要现实qci,T,．中“一价定律”常刁i成立，这使得解释flr场价格的彰样件成了经 内容摘要 现实qci,T,．中“一价定律”常刁i成立，这使得解释flr场价格的彰样件成了经 济学家不可回避的仃务。从George Stigler开始，众多经济学家采用信息经济学 和博弈论的方法对价格多样性进行了研究。其中Hal R．Varianl980年发表于 American Economic Review的文章——《A Model of Sales))是该领域的一篇重耍 文献。 本文在深入研究Varian大减价模型的基础上发现了Varian用对称均衡来解 释价格多样性的几大不足。并且还发现Varian的文章中存在一个循环论证。 本文通过引入半连续半离散概率分布修正了这一循环论证。求出了被Varian 所忽略的非对称均衡。而该非对称均衡刚好可以弥补对称均衡的儿人小足，更好 地解释了市场上价格多样性以及定价策略的多样性。 本文第一章先介绍了市场价格多样性现象以及前人的解释，然后简述了本 文的贡献。为了突显均衡解的经济意义，本文第二章先给出了模型的纳什均衡解， I酊jt!求解纳什均衡的过程放到了第j章。 在第二章中，首先给出Varian的大减价模型，然后给出模型的均衡解，最 后洋细论述了如何用均衡解来解释市场上价格多样性以及定价策略的多样性。 关键词：信息价差 大减价模型非对称纳什均衡可行价格 AbstractThe’’law Abstract The’’law of one price～rarely holds in reality．Therefore economists have to explain the diversity of prices in the market．Started with George Stigle r．many economists use the methods of information economics and game theory to study the price dispersion．One of the important papers in this field is Hal R．Varian’S“A Model ofSales一，whichwaspublished OnAmerican EconomicReview,1980． After lucubrating，this paper finds out several inadequacies in explaining price dispersion by symmetric equilibrium，and also points out a vicious circle in Varian‘S paper- With the use of semi-·continuous-semi-discrete probability distribution this paper corrects the vicious circle，and figures out a set of asymmetric equilibriums，which were neglected by Varian．Luckily，these asymmetric equilibriums carl make up the inadequacies of the symmetric equilibrium，and offers a better explanation for price dispersion and the diversity ofpricing strategies in market place． The first chapter of this paper introduces the price dispersion and the preceding scholars’explanation for it，and briefly illustrates the innovation of this paper．To stress the economic meaning of the equilibriums，this paper presents the Nash equilibriums of the model in the second chapter and put the solving process in the third chapte r． In the second chapteL Varian’s model of sales is presented first，and then equil