组织行为学Unit 6 (R).pptVIP

Unit Six Motivation Concepts Motivation The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Early Theories of Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory X and Theory Y Two-Factor Theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs As each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Higher and Lower order needs Higher order needs (social, esteem and actualization) are satisfied internally (within the person). Lower order needs (physiological and safety) are satisfied externally (pay or other resources). Theory X and Theory Y The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction. Maslow vs. Theory X/Y Theory X assumes lower-order needs dominate individuals. Theory Y assumes higher-order needs dominate individuals. Two-Factor Theory (Motivation-Hygiene Theory) A theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction, while associating extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Intrinsic Factors Advancement Recognition Responsibility Achievement Extrinsic Factors (Hygiene Factors) Supervision Pay Company policy Working conditions Contemporary Theories of Motivation Theories that represent the current state of the art in explaining employee motivation. ERG Theory There are three groups of core needs: existence, relatedness, and growth. Key points in ERG Theory Satisfied lower order needs lead to the desire to satisfy higher order needs. Multiple needs can be operating as motivators at the same time. Frustration in attempting to satisfy a higher level need can result in regression to a lower level need. ERG theory represents a more valid version of the need hierarchy. McClelland’s Theory of Needs Achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation. Key points in McClelland’s Theory of Needs Peop