二十世纪英国文学 kejian.ppt

选D。弗吉尼亚?伍尔芙是英国著名小说家，第二次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的核心人物 20th Century English Literature The Social Background The natural and social sciences development led to great gains in material wealth. Frequent economic depressions and mass unemployment sharpened the contradictions between the rich and poor. (3) The two catastrophic world wars weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. 1. The appalling shock of the First World severely destroyed peoples faith in the Victorian values; The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people, who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. 2. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war: thousands of people were killed; the economy was ruined; and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic, cultural, and belief crises. 2.1 New Theories and Ideas Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Freud’s Analytical Psychology佛洛伊德的心理分析 Karl Marks and Friedrich Engels’s Theory of Scientific Socialism卡尔马克和弗里德里希恩格斯的科学社会主义理论 Arthur Schopenhauer’s Pessimism亚瑟叔本华的悲观主义 Friedrich Nietzsche’s Doctrines of Power and Superman弗里德里希尼采学说 Henry Bergson’s Irrational Philosophy亨利柏格森的非理性主义哲学 2. Cultural Background Realism in the 20th Century English Literature 二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚时代那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社会的保守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻地直面人生的特点。 伦敦塔桥 Modernism 1. A reaction against realism 2. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. 3. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, man and himself. 4. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of a