基于第六胸肢和COI基因序列的秀体溞属分类及系统发育研究-生态学专业论文.docxVIP

暨南大学硕士学位论文基于第六胸肢 暨南大学硕士学位论文 基于第六胸肢和 COI 基因序列的秀体溞属分类及系统发育研究 万方数据 万方数据 Abstract Diaphanosoma, with more than 40 described species, is the largest genus of the Ctenopoda, and it is in many ways similar to the anomopod genus Daphnia. Here, we offer a comparative morphological analysis of 33 species, and COI analysis of 12 species, aimed at gaining a better insight into the taxonomy and phylogeny of the group. COI (confirmed to some extent by ITS sequences) reveals large genetic distances between morphologically related species (e.g. in the D. branchyurm-group) and cryptic speciation in others (e.g. in D. excisum). The rule in this genus is thus (macro) morphological stasis in the presence of molecular evolution. A search for micro-morphological characters identified the number of setae on the endopodite of P6, and the relative length of the apical setae of the exopodite of P6 as important and consistent markers, dividing the genus in two clades, the hepta-group (with 7 setae) and the hexa-clade (with 6 endital setae). Taxonomically, the two clades should be assigned the rank of subgenera or genera. Valid names for both are available in the published literature (Diaphanosoma Fischer s.s. and Neodiaphanosoma Paggi). A COI-based phylogenetic tree estimate confirms the conclusion of our morphological study. A biogeographic analysis, finally, recovers the hexa-group (containing about 11 species) as restricted to the tropics, with only limited penetration of the subtropics (in contrast to Daphnia). The more species hepta- group (containing about 22 species) lives in the temperate and continental climate zone, with limited extension into sub-polar zones, but considerable penetration of the subtropics and tropics. We recorded two species of Diaphanosoma from Ounianga and Tibesti in Northern Chad, the first ctenopods to be found in the Sahara desert. One species, from a freshwater guelta on the south flanks of the Tibesti (D. excisum) is tropical; the I second species, found in