简论我国船舶优先权制度-法律专业论文.docxVIP

【内容摘要】船舶优先权制度是海商法特有的制度，其行使对于拥有船舶，或者 【内容摘要】 船舶优先权制度是海商法特有的制度，其行使对于拥有船舶，或者 租用或经营船舶的海运企业，以及对于同此种海运企业所有的、租用 的或经营的船舶有着某种利害关系的其他海商企业或其他的企业法 人或自然人均具有极其重要的法律意义。 长期以来，有关船舶优先权的问题一直困扰着海商法学界、航运 界、银行和其他有关各方。船舶优先权的性质、特征、标的、消灭及 行使等基本理论和实务问题需要予以明确和澄清。就国际范围而言， 英国早在19世纪就有了船舶优先权这一。概念，而最早的关于船舶优 先权的公约也旱在1962年形成。然而我国直到改革开发后十多年才 颁布第一部海商法，其步伐显然落后于国际趋势。虽然我国海商法在 很多方面参照了国际公约和各国法例，然而有关船舶优先权的规定仍 不够完善，于充分有效的保护船舶优先权人的应有权益尚存距离。 笔者期望通过本文提出一些与船舶优先权有关的问题，以供学界 同仁共同探讨，同时就船舶优先权的性质与制度价值；船舶优先权的 实现路径与实现过程中存在的特殊问题；船舶优先权实现的项目与位 序设计；以及如何扬长避短，充分发挥船舶优先权制度的有利性，规 避其副面作用，防止权利滥用等四大主题对船舶优先权从其产生到消 灭的整个流程做一番较为细致的法学分析。以兹为我国海商法的完善 共同努力。 【关键词】船舶优先权 性质 实现 滥用 海商 Maritime Maritime Lien is peculiar to Admiralty Commercial Law and the exercise of which is of great importance to the maritime enterprises that are in possession of vessels，lease or manage vessels as well as other maritime enterprises or other corporate juridical persons and natural persons who have stakes with vessels possessed，leased or managed by the above—mentioned maritime enterprises． For a long time，the Maritime Lien has troubled the academic circle of Admiralty Commercial Law,shipping industry,banks and other related parties。The basic theoretical problems and．the problems emerged in Admiralty Commercial Law such as the nature characteristics，subject matter,abolishment and exercise of Maritime Lien shall be clarified． Internationally speaking，the concept of Maritime Lien appeared in England in 19 centuries and the earliest convention on Maritime Lien came into shape in 1962．However,it is only until more than one decade after the reform and opening-up policy of China was initiated that the Maritime Law was promulgated，It is obvious that，compared with other countries，China has fallen behind in this aspect．Even though in drafting the Maritime Law of China，reference has been made to the law and regulations of other countries and intemational conventions in many aspects，the Maritime Lien in China’s Maritime Law is still insufficient and a gap exists for the eff