基于机器视觉的PC轨道梁在役锚固螺杆自动定位与检测系统研究-仪器科学与技术专业论文.docxVIP

Auto-location and Detection System Research of Light-rail Screw Base on Machine Vision A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Engineering by Jiang Yunyun Supervisor: Wang Tongqing Major: Instrument Science and technology College of Optoelectronics Engineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China May,2008 重庆大 重庆大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 I I 摘 要 本文所监测的锚固螺杆服役于重庆市轻轨交通系统，根据其结构上的特点可 知，连接轨道梁与墩台的锚固螺杆构件是该系统关键的受力构件，其缺陷状况至 关重要。但是，材料缺陷、气候环境对金属元件的腐蚀、长期服役及复杂的受力 情况等因素都会对锚固螺杆的健康状况产生很大的负面影响。因此，需要对锚固 螺杆系统的缺陷状况进行监测。 本论文的研究目的是为锚固螺杆缺陷监测仪器设计定位系统以便于仪器自动 将传感器顺利安装到待监测锚固螺杆上。能够对锚固螺杆在 X、Y、Z 方向上进行 精确的定位，同时计算出锚固螺杆端面矩形与轨道梁之间的角度，用同一个摄像 机实现四轴定位。 本系统的硬件部分主要包括照明光源系统，摄像机系统，执行机构，工业控 制计算机系统等；软件主要是图像采集、存储和处理的控制程序等。 基于机器视觉的处理方法可以高效、准确地对锚固螺杆进行定位和测定锚固 螺杆的偏移角度，为后续监测中的传感器的自动安装提供了位置及角度参数，在 整个锚固螺杆缺陷监测系统中起到至关重要的作用。 关键词：轻轨，图像处理，角度检测，自动调焦 重庆大 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 II II ABSTRACT Screw anchors assembled on Light-Rail of Chongqing are the key research objects of this paper. Based on the characteristic of the structure, screw anchors which link rail girder and frusta is the key force component. Their health are very important. How ever, some factor such as material defects, metal corrosion, long time service and complex force status etc, can impact the heath status. So detection of the screw anchors system is needed. The purpose of this paper is design the machine vision location part of the whole screw anchors health detection system for auto-set sensor to the screw anchors. The first is accurately locating for screw anchors; the second is work out the angle of screw anchor end rectangle and rail girder. Locate four dimension with a sigle camera. The main hardware part of this system is made up of lamp-house system, camera system, movement execute system, industrial computer etc. The software is mainy made up of image capturing, storing and prcessing program. The mathod based on machine vision can locate the screw anchors, locknut and compute the angle ef