检修工艺对球铁曲轴疲劳断裂的影响及其对策研究-车辆工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 f、 ／曲轴是内燃机车中最重要的零部件之一，提高曲轴的疲劳强度， 堰诞其使用寿命是保证铁路运行可靠性的重要研究课题。由于铁路 提速，柴油机中的一些大部件故障率明显提高，曲轴断裂问题尤为 突出。在目前铁路内燃机车运用的曲轴中，大多数曲轴的材质是球 墨铸铁，因此，研究影响球铁曲轴疲劳强度的各种因素，提出提高 曲轴疲劳强度的具体措施十分必要。／ 本论文对球铁曲轴的使用状况、检修工艺、结构特点、表面加 工状态、材料的化学成分与机械性能以及表面强化处理等情况进行 了介绍和分析，并指出这些因素对曲轴疲劳强度的影响。结合厂修 后球铁曲轴的非正常断裂实例进行了失效分析。通过对断口、金相 组织、机械性能试验、疲劳性能试验结果的分析，找到球铁曲轴非 正常断裂的直接原因是曲轴解体时采用乙炔火焰进行局部加热，使 其组织和性能发生变化，特别是造成了其疲劳性能的降低，从而大 大缩短了曲轴的使用寿命。最后从生产实际出发，提出了提高曲轴 疲劳寿命的具体措施，经实践验证该措施是行之有效的。 文章还建议：为适应高速重载的需要，应对曲轴这一重要件实 行寿命管理，使用寿命可定为1 2年。 主题词：球铁曲轴 检修工艺 疲劳强度 影Ⅱ妪素 THE THE ANALYS I S OF INFLUENCE THAT OVERHAUL TECHNOLOGY PLAYS FOR NODULAR CAST IRON CRANKSHAFT OF FITIGUE AND THEIR MESURES Summary Crankshaft i s one of the most important components of the di esel locomotives，increasing the fatigue strength of the crankshaft，extend its working 1ife to ensure the reliability of the railway transportation i s a very important task． because of the railway speed rai sed，the ratio of troubl for a few big components of the diesel has obviOUSly increased among them especiallY to think highly of the crankshaft breaking．The material s of mostly crankshaft used in the railway diesel 10comotives at present are nodular cast iron． Therefore，analysi s the variOUS kinds influence factors for fatigue strength of the nodular cast iron crankshaft so to raise concrete steps for improve the fatigue sirength i s very necessary． In the article，the author introduces and analyses the using condition， repairing techn0109y， Structure characteri stic，processing state on the surface，the mechanical function and the chemi st factor of the material， the strengthen treatment of surface，and so on．He points out the influence of these factors for the fatigue strength of the crankshaft．Moreover he does some concrete experiments and analYses to combine together with the crankshaft breaking after overhaul．Throughout the breaking surface analysi s， organi zation analYsi s。hardness test，mechanical function 儿 test test and the fatigue test，find the