定语从句归纳总结.docxVIP

定语从句归纳总结 　　定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。　　1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。　　2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。　　3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词之后。　　4.引导词：引导定语从句的词。　　关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as　　关系副词：when/where/why　　5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前。【as除外】　　6.引导词的功能：　　连接先行词和定语从句。　　在定语从句中充当一定的成分。　　7.定语从句的类型：　　限定性定语从句。　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句　　The man who you’re talking to is my friend.　　② 由介词+关系代词引导　　The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.　　I need a pen with which I can write a letter.　　=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.　　The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.　　=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.　　The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.　　=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.　　非限定性定语从句。　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。　　② 由介词+关系代词引导。　　I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.　　There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.　　This is the man to whom I gave the book.　　③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指　　人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。　　He has five children, two of whom are abroad.　　(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)　　We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.　　(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)　　除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。　　1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。　　2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。　　The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.　　The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.　　3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;　　指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。　　The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.　　The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.　　The city, _______ is far away