金属铝板弯折疲劳积累的Lamb波无损检测研究-材料科学与工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 I I 摘 要 7050 铝合金板是飞机机翼蒙皮的常用材料。这些结构件服役条件极其恶劣， 外力冲击形变、循环载荷疲劳等损伤不可避免，尤其是固定蒙皮的铆钉孔裂纹扩 展带来的损伤，使飞行器的安全和寿命受到极大挑战。本文采用基于压电陶瓷片 的主动 Lamb 波结构健康检测系统探究该类损伤的无损识别，主要内容有： 一、本文探究了 Lamb 波的基本理论与传播特性。从 Lamb 波的基本特性入手， 用二分迭代法求解 Rayleigh- Lamb 方程，得到理想条件下的相速度和群速度频散曲 线。然后以表面剪切应力模型推导并绘制振幅曲线。结合具体实验条件，选择汉 宁窗加载的 5 周期正弦波作为损伤检测的激励信号。本文选用特征波包相对峰值 的递减规律来判别损伤情况。 二、本文搭建了基于主动 Lamb 波结构健康检测平台，着重优化了传感器的布 设、加工、粘接工艺。实际测量 Lamb 波的频率响应，拟合、修正了理想条件下的 频散曲线和振幅曲线。然后使用均值滤波、取自相关去噪、波形对比法、传播时 间法和特征波包频谱分析等方法提取特征信号。 三、本文针对 7050 铝合金薄板的冲击弯折形变、反复疲劳积累、孔洞缺陷和 铆钉孔疲劳裂纹等四种损伤情况进行主动 Lamb 波损伤探测。直接透射 S0 波包峰 值幅度的递减规律可以判定试件所受应力情况；特征波包幅值出现骤减标志着试 件出现疲劳微裂纹；通孔直径的增大会使直接透射波包幅值减小，反射波包幅值 增大。我们选定的 Lamb 波特征波包幅值的相对变化可以有效识别试件的损伤情况。 关键词：Lamb 波，频散曲线，振幅曲线，弯折形变，疲劳积累 AB ABSTRACT II II ABSTRACT 7050 aluminum alloy plant is a commonly material that used as airplane skin. These structures serve in appalling conditions. As external shocks deformation, cyclic loading fatigue and crack propagation, which is caused by rivet hole, are inevitable, there is a great challenge for aircraft’s safety and service life. In order to identify these kinds of damage, we use Lamb wave structure health monitoring system to explore them, which is based on piezoelectric ceramic transducer. The main contents are: Firstly, this paper analyzes the propagation characteristics of Lamb wave. Based on the basic characteristics of Lamb waves, we solve Rayleigh- Lamb equation by the dichotomy iterative method, and then draw the phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curve. Then we use the surface shear stress model to derive the expression of vibration amplitude and draw the amplitude dispersion curve. Considering the specific experimental conditions, we select hanning loaded 5-cycles sine wave as the excitation signal. And we select the diminishing law of characteristic Lamb wave packet’s peak to identify damage qualitatively and quantitatively. Secondly, we set up a detection platform, which is based on active Lamb wave structure health monitoring system. And we opt