解读伯林自由观-马克思主义哲学专业论文.docxVIP

华 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 II II Abstract Liberalism is not only the main school of UK-US classical political philosophy, but also the mainstream of contemporary western political philosophy. As the first value, liberty runs through the whole process of internal evolution of political philosophy of liberalism. Through a distinctive angle of a political philosopher and history thinker, Berlin thinks over the experience of liberalism in 20th century, refutes the traditional value-monism, and explains the ideological basis of his liberal viewpoint, called value-pluralism. Berlin brought his famous two concepts of liberty in 1958, arising a huge reaction between the scholars in the west and a warmly discussion on contemporary liberty. It’s one of the signs of renaissance for liberty after wars. This text will interpret Berlin’s liberal viewpoint based on Marx’s. Berlin believes that value-monism is the common word of modern totalitarianism and the major origin of politic hegemonies. First, I will expound his criticism on value-monism and respecting on value-pluralism. Then, I shall give a detailed explanation on the content and features of Berlin’s liberal viewpoint basing on the value of pluralism. On one hand, consider the liberty as a state through criticizing the traditional concept of liberty. On the other hand, reveal its inherent difficulties by analyzing the relationship between the negative liberty and positive liberty. After that the next part will analyze the inherent flaws of Berlin’s liberty concept starting from Marx’s concept of liberty. As Berlin’s research on Marx’s idea is not complete, he mixes Marx’s free personality and positive liberty. This brings the result in his misunderstanding for Marx’s concept which should be necessarily clarified. At last, it’s important to affirm the significance of the times of Berlin’s liberal viewpoint from the present reality. There is no doubt that Berlin’s special insight on the core of liberalism develops a new wor