肿瘤病因_发病机理.ppt

癌基因 myc 编码产物：P62蛋白，使细胞从G0期进入G1期，细胞分裂效应蛋白 myc 扩增：30%-40%小细胞肺癌、神经母细胞瘤、胶质细胞瘤 癌基因 1、HER-2 过表达：乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌，Prognostic Marker 2、C-met 基因扩增、重排、过量表达 3、Bcl-2 基因：NHL 中有易位活化的该基因的表达，与凋亡相关 4、细胞周期蛋白：cyclin蛋白，淋巴瘤、乳腺癌、胃癌、食管癌有蛋白的过度表达 5、端粒酶：染色体末端由端粒DNA和端粒蛋白质构成 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? H-Ras structure PDB 121p, ribbon showing strands in purple, helices in aqua, loops in gray. Also shown are the bound GTP analog and magnesium ion. 抑癌基因 Rb P53 INK4基因家族 CIP-KIP基因家族 PTEN FHIT BRCA APC DCC WT-1 抑癌基因 Rb： 视网膜母细胞瘤基因 基因缺失或突变 骨肉瘤 肺癌 软组织肉瘤 抑癌基因 p53： 基因缺失或基因突变 抑制细胞生长，诱导细胞凋亡 结肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、 肺癌、肝癌 抑癌基因 INK4基因家族： inhibitors of cyclin-dendent kinases-4 p15,p15,p18,p19 抑制细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDKs）的活性 抑癌基因 CIP-KIP基因家族： p21, p27, p57 抑制细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDKs） 的活性 参与细胞分化、细胞周期及调控 抑癌基因 PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTEN gene. Mutations of this gene are a step in the development of many cancers Stucture of human PTEN 抑癌基因 PTEN acts as a tumor suppressor gene through the action of its phosphatase protein product. This phosphatase is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, preventing cells from growing and dividing too rapidly. It is one of the targets of an oncomiR, MIRN21. 抑癌基因 This gene was identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in a large number of cancers at high frequency. The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase 抑癌基因 It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating Akt/PKB signaling pathway 抑癌基因 PTEN is one of the most commonly lost tumor suppressors in human cancer Frequent genetic inactivation of PTEN occurs in glioblastoma, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer reduced expression is found in many other tumor types su