金圣叹的心态与文学批评-文艺学专业论文.docxVIP

硕士学位论文MASTER’S 硕士学位论文 MASTER’S THESIS 摘要 金圣叹的心态复杂、微妙，甚至自相矛盾。他以“大材”自负，才子心态 成为他终生挥之不去的心理情结，他把批点自己选定的“六才子书”视为展示 其才的重要途径。施耐庵是他极力推崇的才子，施耐庵在遵循艺术规律的前提 下著书立说，张显其“锦心绣口”，是可以看作金圣叹本人的“夫子自道”的； 他饱读经书，其思想深处仍流淌着儒家的血脉，早年他甚至把立德成圣作为自 己的人生理想。和大多数读书人的追求一样，金圣叹也想从科场上捞取功名， 但最终却因他任才使气而被科场拒之I-L*l-，于是，他开始把理想从“立功”、“立 德”转向著书“立言”；恃才傲物似乎是历代才子的通病，金圣叹终生生活在 理想与现实相背离的矛盾之中：率性任情而世俗不容，才情恣肆而科第不中， 立志“致君泽民”却落得穷病交加，怀才不遇的悲愤便成了他心中永远的隐痛。 金圣叹的复杂心态对其从事文学批评活动的动机产生了重大影响，这种影 响不仅表现在他希图通过评书展示其才、引导读者阅读“才子书”方面，更在 于他借助评点活动来寄托人生理想，传达他对社会人情的独特认识，发抒他的 “怨毒著书”的社会批判思想，甚至还承载着他培养后继才子的深切期望。 这种复杂心态对其文学批评实践也产生了重要影响，使其在作品中直面现 实，大胆揭露社会的黑暗，深刻剖析“怨毒”产生的社会根源；同时强调才情 在艺术构思、情节变换、细节刻画、字句运用等方面的作用，推重典型人物的 艺术美；并在吸收前人书画、诗文理论的前提下，提出了小说艺术成就的标准 和他的审美理想一一文章“三境”说。 关键词：金圣叹 心态 文学批评 硕士学位论文MASTER’S 硕士学位论文 MASTER’S THESIS Abstract Jin Shentan’ mentality is very complicated，subtle and even contradicted．He regarded himself as a great talent，which was a lifetime mental complex that he could’t remove．He tried to show hiS great talents by giving comments on“the books written by six gifted persons” Shinaiyan was the gifted person he praised highly．Following the art laws，she wrote many books，showing hiS greate wriring talents，which could be regarded as Jin Shentan’ own“self-account”．He had read many books and had deep thought．Early in his 1ife time he even regarded estab]ishing moral standards and being a wise man as his 1ife ambition． Just 1 ike most intellecturals，Jin alSO wanted to gain fame from the imperial examination hall，bu％failed because of his conceit．Then he switched from“rendering meritorious service”，“establishing moral stnadards”to writing books．Being conceited is the common weakness of ancient gifted persons．Jin Shentan 1ived in the contradiction of hiS ambition and the reality：He was frank but unacceptable by others， gi fted but unsuccessful in the imperial examinationals．He aimed at serving the emperor and helping the coition citizens but ended up in poverty and disease．The tragedy of having unrecognized talents became the permane