竞尚清雅明代嘉万时期的书画消费-历史学;专门史专业论文.docx

竞尚清雅明代嘉万时期的书画消费-历史学;专门史专业论文.docx

摘要奢侈消费和文化消费的勃兴是社会经济繁荣的外在体现之一。奢侈消费是消 摘要 奢侈消费和文化消费的勃兴是社会经济繁荣的外在体现之一。奢侈消费是消 费闲暇与财富,文化消费是消费闲暇与知识。书画既可以体现休闲与夸示,又能 彰显知识,是兼具两种消费特征的商品之一。嘉万时期既是明代经济的空前繁荣 期,又是书画消费的一个高峰期。 以《清明上河图》的消费个案为筏,本文对个案中凸显的问题逐一进行了分 析。 世风指一定时期内,人们思想观念和生活行为的普遍倾向。嘉万时期的世风 主要是奢靡之风与长物之好,它们是社会经济发展的结果与反映,同时,又反作 用于社会经济的方方面面。当时书画市场空前繁荣,世风的影响不容小觑。奢靡 之风影响了消费观念,培育出庞大的消费群体,而长物之好则制造了消费需求, 成为书画交易繁荣的直接原因。 对于奢侈品消费而言,不同的消费空间不仅意味着不同的消费层次,也会影 响到消费的方式。在摊肆这种消费空间中,很少有大宗的书画消费。对于消费者 而言,他们更喜欢在自己的文房进行书画消费。 在书画市场上活跃着为数众多的牙人。他们在买卖双方间往还穿梭,说合交 易,促成消费,并从中牟利。他们的职能还包括鉴定与定价。他们的收入通常是 书画交易额的十分之三。 书画价格由作品创作年代的早晚、艺术价值的高低决定;受创作时间长短、 尺幅大小或字数多少等因素影响。总体来看,绘画价格比书法价格高,创作年代 越早价格越高,交易年代越晚价格越高。 由于名家书画供不应求,不少文人也参与书画作伪,以射重利。文人作伪提 高了赝品的质量,让书画藏家防不胜防。 藉借书画消费,以士商为主体的有闲阶层既可以彰显清雅,又可以堂而皇之 地夸示财富。他们“竞尚利名’’的行为通过书画消费转变为“竞尚清雅”。 关键词:嘉万时期,书画消费,身份区分 AbstractThe Abstract The booming of luxury consumption and cultural consumption is one sign of a flourishing economy.Main features of luxury consumption are conspicuousness and leisureliness,and main features Of cultural consumption are leisureliness and scholarship.Painting and calligraphy are commodities that reflect features of luxury consumption and cultural consumption.During the period from the early years of Emperor Chiaching to the late years of Emperor Wanli(1520’S一1610’S AD),economic development of the Ming Empire was very fast.and the consumption of painting and calligraphy was booming in an unprecedented way. By doing research on transaction stories of Ch’ing-Ming Shang-ho T’U, discovered some important issues of the consumption of painting and calligraphy. The General Mood of Society refers to the overall ethical standards,thought speech and action.During the period from the early years of Emperor Chiaching to the late years of Emperor Wanli,the general mood of society are the mood of extravagance and the pursuit of presentable non-necessities.They are results and reflections the social and economic development of the era,and they also had some impact on various social and economic aspects.During this period,

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