德国历史法学派.PPT

歷史法學 楊智傑 德國歷史法學派 The German Historical School of Law is a 19th century intellectual movement in the study of German law. With Romanticism as its background, it emphasized the historical limitations of the law. It stood in opposition to an earlier movement called Vernunftsrecht (Natural Law). The Historical School is based on the writings and teaching of Gustav Hugo and especially Friedrich Carl von Savigny. 人民確信之表達 The basis premise of the German Historical School is that law is not to be regarded as an arbitrary grouping of regulations laid down by some authority. Rather, those regulations are to be seen as the expression of the convictions of the people, in the same manner as language, customs and practices are expressions of the people. The law is grounded in a form of popular consciousness called the Volksgeist.（人的精神） 法律的演變發展 Laws can stem from regulations by the authorities, but more commonly they evolve in an organic manner over time without interference from the authorities. The ever-changing practical needs of the people play a very important role in this continual organic development. In the development of a legal system, is it the professional duty of lawyers – in the sense of the division of labor in society – to base their academic work on law on ascertaining the will of the people. In this way, lawyers embody the popular will. 分成兩派 The German Historical School was divided into Romanists and the Germanists. The Romantists, to whom Savigny also belonged, held that the Volksgeist springs from the reception of the Roman law. While the Germanists (Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, Jakob Grimm, Georg Beseler, Otto von Gierke) saw medieval German Law as the expression of the German Volksgeist. 薩維尼 薩維尼 弗里德里希·卡爾·馮·薩維尼 (Friedrich Carl von Savigny，1779年2月21日－1861年10月25日)，生於美因河畔法蘭克福市，德國著名的法學家和國王顧問，歷史法學派的創始人。1803年薩維尼發表了著名的《財產法》。1808年在蘭茨胡特被正式聘為教授，教授羅馬民法，但薩維尼在那裡只教授了三個學期。1810年薩維尼受到威廉·馮·洪堡的邀請到新成立的弗里德里希-威廉-柏林大學教授羅馬法。1814年為一篇著名的論文進行答辯，該論文就是 über die Notwendigkeit eines allgemein