原子轨道能量.PPT

Chapter Eight Molecular Structure The chemical bond is a strong attractive force that exists between certain atoms in a substance. Ionic bond The chemical bond covalent bond metallic bond 8-1 Ionic Bonds 8-2 Covalent Bonds 8-2.1 the Lewis Theory 8-2.2 The Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion ( VSEPR ) Model 8-2.3 Valence Bond Theory 8-2.4 Hybrid Orbital Theory 8-2.5 Molecular Orbital Theory 8-3 Intermolecular forces 8-1 Ionic bond An ionic bond is the strong attractive force that exists between a positive ion and a negative ion in an ionic compound. Na (ls22s22p63s1) - e → Na+ ion (ls22s22p6 ) Cl ( ls22s22p63s23p5) + e → Cl - ion (ls22s22p63s23p6) The Octet Rule : NaCl crystal NaCl The Octet Rule the octet rule, which says that atoms tend to lose or gain electrons when bonding to give eight electrons in their valence shells. (Elements of lowest atomic number tend to lose or gain electrons to give a single shell of two electrons, as in the noble gas helium.) 8-2 Covalent Bonds covalent bond, is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between the two atoms. There are several theories to explain the formation of covalent bond: 8-2.1 the Lewis Theory 1. the atoms approach one another their 1s orbitals begin to overlap. 2. the two electrons can be shared by both atoms. 3. The electrons are attracted simultaneously by the positive charges of the two hydrogen nuclei. orbitals overlap Electron-Dot Formulas Multiple Bonds Single bond: a covalent bond formed by the sharing of a singe pair of electrons between two atoms.example: Double bond: a covalent bond formed by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms. .example: Triple bond