2神经系统总论、脊髓.pptVIP

The Nervous System 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 Divisions Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) Brain 脑 Telencephalon 端脑 Diencephalon 间脑 Cerebellum 小脑 Brain stem 脑干 Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata 延髓 Spinal cord 脊髓 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Cranial n. (12 pairs) 脑神经 Spinal n. (31 pairs) 脊神经 Visceral n. 内脏神经 Visceral sensory n. Visceral motor n Sympathetic part 交感神经 Parasympathetic part 副交感神经 Cellular organization Neurons 神经元 Cell body 胞体 Axon 轴突 Dendrites 树突 Neuroglia －glial cell胶质细胞  Structural classification Bipolar neuron 双极神经元 has an axon and a dendrite Pseudounipolar neuron 假单极神经元 has a central branch and a peripheral branch Multipolar neuron多极神经元has an axon and two or more dendrites Functional classification Sensory (efferent) neuron 感觉神经元 Motor (afferent) neuron 运动神经元 Association neuron 联络神经元 Reflex and reflex arc Reflex: a reaction of the organism by the nervous system in response to a stimulus Reflex arc: has 5 basic components Receptor ↓ Sensory neurons ↓ CNS ↓ Moter neurons ↓ Effector Basic terminology in nervous system In the CNS Gray matter 灰质: collection of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites, gray color during fresh condition Cortex皮质: the outermost layer of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum White matter白质: collection of nerve fibers, white color during fresh condition Medulla髓质: a central core of white matter beneath cortex of cerebrum and cerebellum Nucleus神经核: a collection ( group ) of cell bodies which have the same shape and function Fasciculus 纤维束( tract ): a bundle of nerve fibers which have the same origin, termination, pathway and function Reticular formation 网状结构: an admixture of cross-crossing fibers with