数字图像处理-冈萨雷斯-课件(英文)Chapter02Eng数字图像基础.ppt

谢谢！ Image Sampling and Quantization Image sampling: discretize an image in the spatial domain Spatial resolution / image resolution: pixel size or number of pixels (Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition. How to choose the spatial resolution = Sampling locations Original image Sampled image Under sampling, we lost some image details! Spatial resolution How to choose the spatial resolution : Nyquist Rate Original image = Sampling locations Minimum Period Spatial resolution (sampling rate) Sampled image No detail is lost! Nyquist Rate: Spatial resolution must be less or equal half of the minimum period of the image or sampling frequency must be greater or Equal twice of the maximum frequency. 2mm 1mm Sampling rate: 5 samples/sec Aliased Frequency Two different frequencies but the same results ! Effect of Spatial Resolution 256x256 pixels 64x64 pixels 128x128 pixels 32x32 pixels Effect of Spatial Resolution (Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition. Moire Pattern Effect : Special Case of Sampling Moire patterns occur when frequencies of two superimposed periodic patterns are close to each other. (Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition. Effect of Spatial Resolution (Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition. Can we increase spatial resolution by interpolation ? Down sampling is an irreversible process. (Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition. Image Quantization Image quantization: discretize continuous pixel values into discrete numbers Color resolution/ color depth/ levels: - No. of colors or gray levels or - No. of bits representing each pixel value - No. of colors or gray levels Nc is given by where b = no. of bits Quantization function Light intensity Quantization level 0 1 2 Nc-1 Nc-2 Darkest Bright