省略与替代讲解与训练.ppt

* 省略与替代 Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. (William Shakespeare, British dramatist) ??? 不要只因一次失败,就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 --英国剧作家: 莎士比亚.W.) (一)并列句中的省略 在并列句中,第二分句(或第三、第四分句)往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。如: Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. (二)简单句中的省略 1.省略主语 1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如: (You) Be seated, please. 2)其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如: (I)Thank you for your help. (谢谢你的帮助。) (It)Doesn’t matter. (没关系。) 2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如: (There is) No smoking. (禁止吸烟。) (Is there) Anything else ?(还有其他事吗?) (You come) This way, please. (请这边走)。 (Will you)Have a smoke ?(吸支烟?) What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?(来一杯怎么样?) Why(do you)not say hello to him ?(为什么不和他说声再见呢?) 3.省略宾语。如: —Do you know Miss Gao ?(你认识高小姐吗?) —I don’t know(her). (我不认识。) —Which of them is the better choice ?(他们中谁是更合适的人选?) —Well, it’s hard to tell(it). (哟,这很难说。) 4.省略表语。如: —Are you thirsty ?(你渴吗?) —Yes, I am(thirsty). (是的,我渴。) 5.同时省略几个成分。如: —Are you feeling better now ?(你觉得好些吗?) —(I am feeling)Much better(now). (好多了。) —Have you finished your work ?(你完成工作了吗?) —(I have)Not(finished my work)yet. (还没有。) (I wish)Good luck(to you)!(祝你顺利!) 6.其他一些省略结构 1).名词所有格所修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常可以省略。如: We spent the weekend at the Blacks’. 2)what和how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词。如: What a wonderful victory(it is)for Wilma! How wonderful(it was)to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad. 3)不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to。 ①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,wand,wish等后边。如: I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to. ②在have,need,ought,be going,,used等后。如: I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. ③在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后,如: —Will you join in the game ? —I’d be glad to. ④否定形式的省略用not to。如: —Shall I go instead of him ? —I prefer not to. ⑤如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留

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