化学反应工建英文课件Chapter.ppt

1. 活塞流模型 存在沟流 存在短路 化 学 反 应 工 程 Figure 11.11 Information obtainable from a step tracer experiment. 化 学 反 应 工 程 and = where is the flow rate of tracer in the entering fluid. 化 学 反 应 工 程 The dimensionless form of the Cstep curve is called the F curve. It is found by having the tracer concentration rise from zero to unity, as shown in Fig. 11.12. Figure 11.12 Transforming an experimental Cstep curve to an F curve. 化 学 反 应 工 程 Relationship between the F and E curve To relate E with F imagine a steady flow of white fluid. Then at time t = 0 switch to red and record the rising concentration of red fluid in the exit stream, the F curve. At any time t 0 red fluid and only red fluid in the exit stream is younger than age t. Thus we have = But the first term is simply the F value, while the second is given by Eq. 1. So we have, at time t, (7) 化 学 反 应 工 程 and on differentiating (8) In graphical form this relationship is shown in Fig. 11.13. These relationships show how stimulus-response experiments, using either step or pulse inputs can conveniently give the RTD and mean flow rate of fluid in the vessel. We should remember that these relationship only hold for closed vessels. When this boundary condition is not met, then the Cpluse and E curves differ. 化 学 反 应 工 程 Figure 11.13 Relationship between the E and F curves. 输入曲线 响应（输出）曲线 c0(t) 脉冲法测定反应器的 E 分布曲线 M 为示踪剂的加入量 停留时间分布的统计特征值 1. 平均停留时间 (mean residence time) 2. 方差 (variance) 对闭式容器(closed vessel) ,若采用无因次停留时间 ? : 理想反应器的停留时间分布 t = 0 t E(t) 0 1.0 0 1. Plug Flow 2. Mixed Flow 理想反应器的停留时间分布 化 学 反 应 工 程 化 学 反 应 工 程 Figure 11.14 Properties of the E and F curves for various flows. Curves are drawn in term of ordinary and dimensionless time units. Relationship between curve is given by Eqs. 7 and 8. 存在滞流区 非理想反应器的停留时间分布 使 t 减小 存在沟流 非理想反应器的停留时间分布 非理想反应器的停留时间分布 存在短路 层流反应器 非理想反应器的停留时间分布 化 学 反 应 工 程 For closed vessel, at any time these curves are related as follows : F…all dimensionless, E = 化 学 反 应