课件：现代营养学之自由基疾病.ppt

* * * * 5.5 Free Radical and Gerontal Disease (老年病) Alzheimer’s disease 老年痴呆 Parkinson’s disease 帕金森症 Cataract 白内障 Skin aging 皮肤老化 * 6 Defense Against ROS Electron transport chain 0.2%O2→O2·－ ROS * 6.1 Defense system in mitochondrion 1) Cytochrome c Cyt c-Fe3+ + O2·－ → Cyt c-Fe2+ + O2 Cyt c-Fe2+ + H2O2 → Cyt c-Fe3+ +H2O Eliminate HO· 2) Co Q Q + H+ QH2 * 6.2 Antioxidant enzyme 1) Superoxide Dismutase O2·－ H2O2 SOD Without SOD, reaction rate=5×105 (L·mol-1·s-1) With SOD, reaction rate=1.6×109 (L·mol-1·s-1) 104倍 * 2) Catalase H2O2 H2O Catalase O2 + Exist in peroxisomes of all the cells * 3) Glutathione peroxidase (GP or GSH Peroxidase ) ROOH + 2GSH → ROH + H2O + GSSG H2O2 + 2GSH → 2H2O + GSSG GSH Peroxidase * 4) Glutathione reductase (GR or GSH Reductase ) GSSG + NADPH + H+ → 2GSH + NADP+ GSH Reductase * 5) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH, 葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶) 葡萄糖-6-磷酸盐 + NADP+ → 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸 + NADPH + H+ G6PDH * * 7 Antioxidant Antioxidants are substances that may protect your cells against the effects of free radicals. Scavenging free radicals * 7.1 Antioxidants in our body 7.1.1 Water soluble antioxidant： VC Uric acid 尿酸 Compounds with SH * VC 40-140 μmol/L in human blood Can not be synthesized by our body Scavenging O2·－, HO·, and R· * Uric acid 尿酸 120-450 μmol/L in human urine 10 times higher than other mammals Binding with Fe2+ and Cu2+ Fe2+, Cu2+ Fenton reaction, HO· Uric acid Binding * Uric acid 尿酸 Eliminating HClO and 1O2 Scavenging HO· * Compounds with SH GSH 谷胱甘肽 Lipoic acid 硫辛酸 Coenzyme A 辅酶A Cysteine 半胱氨酸 * 7.1.2 fat-soluble: VE Bilirubin 胆红素 Carotenoid 类胡萝卜素 Cholesterol 胆固醇 Melatonin 褪黑素 Lipoic acid 硫辛酸 * VE * Bilirubin 胆红素 Most powerful antioxidant in human serum. Eliminating ROO· * Carotenoid 类胡萝卜素 Scavenging 1O2, ROO· * Cholesterol 胆固醇 Antioxidant in blood and tissues Melatonin 褪黑素 Most suitable antioxidant for protecting DNA * 7.1.3 金属络合物 Binding with metals, preventing them from generating ·OH th