树木年轮-木材解剖学课件.ppt

Conifers: radial files of cells (for most species) Conifers: radial files of cells (for most species) Resin ducts Tracheids Horizontal rays Conifers: radial files of cells (for most species) Southern Pines Ponderosa Pine Red Pine Yellow Pines = thick latewood Eastern White Pine Western White Pine Sugar Pine White Pines = thin latewood Balsam Fir White Fir Grand Fir Wood Type 1: Conifer Wood Wood Type 1: Conifer Wood Wood Type 1: Conifer Wood Ring porous: large earlywood vessels Ring porous: large earlywood vessels Vessels Fibers Rays Chestnut and Oak Elm and Hackberry Sassafras and Black Locust Hickory and Pecan Oaks rarely have missing rings but they can have very compressed growth. Oak often exhibits an offset in the rings across rays. Diffuse porous: small vessels throughout Diffuse porous: small vessels throughout Vessels Fibers Rays Sugar Maple Red Maple Dogwood * 树木是向上和向外生长的，但事实上树木通过生长激素的调节，在树的顶端向下生长的。就像融化的蜡烛一样。 * 分生组织：顶端分生组织和侧生分生组织。又可称为初生分生组织和次生分生组织。细胞：D细胞分裂。E细胞伸长。M细胞成熟。 * 在大多数树种中（裸子植物），枝桠的生长模式可以判定年生长。 * 通过仔细观察，可以发现年增长率，包括向上生长和向外生长。 * 年轮可能沿着树高不同方向局部缺式。 * 细胞：1全纤维素a alpha 纤维素（40-50）长聚合物，不易分解，树轮同位素使用。B半纤维素，断聚合物，易分解。 2 木质素（15-35）非碳水化合物，化学结构复杂。 3 细胞提取物：单宁酸，油脂，和其他复杂的有机化合物。 * * Collapsed倒塌筛细胞 Active活跃筛细胞 形成层 早材 树轮界限 晚材和树脂道 射线和树脂道 * Wood Anatomy of Tree Rings Tree growth begins with photosynthesis to produce new wood when the growing season begins. Trees grow upward and outward (including root tips), but… … tree growth actually begins in the crown and moves downward due to the growth regulator, auxin. Like “melting wax” !! Like “melting wax” !! Meristems: apical and lateral growth D: cell division E: cell elongation M: cell maturation Meristems: annual growth can also be seen in the branching patterns of many tree species (esp. conifers) When we dissect the trunk, we ca