关于英国与美国简介的测验重点.docVIP

Test Points for An Introduction to Britain and America 关于英国和美国简介的测验重点 UK 英国 Land and People 地域和人民 1. Full name of UK, P3 --The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UK的全名 P3大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国 2. Three political areas of Great Britain: England in the South, Scotland in the North, and Wales in the Southwest, P3 大不列颠的三个政治地区：南英格兰， 北苏格兰， 西南威尔士 P3 3. Development of English Language, P16 英语的发展 P16 Old English, Middle English, Modern English 古代英语， 中世纪英语，现代英语 Politics -- constitutional monarchy 政治体系 – 宪法君主制 Central Government P24 中央政府 P24 The English Central Government includes the Monarch, Parliament and the Cabinet. 英国中央政府包括君主，议会，内阁 Parliament is the law-making body. It consists of three elements: the Queen, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons 议会负责制定法律。它由三个元素组成：皇后，君主家族，公共部门 The executive branch, or officially called Her Majesty’s Government, consists of the Cabinet and various departments. The 行政部门，官方称谓女皇政府，包括内阁和其他各种部门。 Roles of The Monarch, P130 君主的角色功能 P130 Theoretically, the monarch embodies supremacy as head of state. P130 理论上，君主如同国家元首般享有至高无上的权力。 But in reality she is only a figure-head. She only does what the Parliament and the Prime Minister want her to do. Her role in the government is a kind of formality. P131 但是实际上女皇仅仅是傀儡。她仅仅做议会和首相想要她做的事。她在政府中的角色只是一种形式。P131 She reigns, but does not rule. P133 她在位，但不是法规 P133 Buckingham Palace P130 白金汉宫 P130 Windsor Castle P130 温莎城堡 P130 House of Lords 君主家族 Five Titles of nobility: Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron, P135 五个贵族：Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, 和Baron P135 The president of the Upper House is called the Lord Chancellor who was once the king’s chief advisor and right-hand man. P137 较高贵的家族的首领叫做君主大臣，他是KING的首席咨询官以及左右手。 House of Commons 公共部门 It’s made up of 659 Members of Parliament who are directly elected by universal adult suffrage. 它由659个有选举权的普通成年人直接选举产生的议员组成。 The Government Party, P138, the Opposition Party, P139 执政党 P138 反对党 P139 The Party wh