英语专业本科词汇学教师ppt课件chapter2.pptVIP

Morphological Structure of English Words;Morphemes;Classification of Morphemes;Roots and affixes: Roots: A root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. Free roots: Bound roots: tain as in contain, detain, retain dict as in predict, contradict;Affixes: Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. Inflectional affixes and derivational affixes: Inflectional affixes: Inflectional affixes serve to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. It does not form a new word with new lexical meaning when it is added to another word. Nor does it change the word-class of the word to which it is affixed. Inflectional affixes include: the plural marker (s, es, en, etc.) the genitive case (’s) the verbal endings (s, ing, ed, etc.) the comparative and the superlative degrees (er, est);Derivational affixes: Definition: When derivational affixes are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. Features: Many derivational affixes have a specific lexical meaning, e.g. mono-, inter-, anti-, etc. Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning, e.g. over- (overhead, overwork). Derivational affixes have not only independent lexical meaning but also affective meaning, e.g. mis-, mal-, pseudo-, etc.;Classification of derivational affixes: According to position: Prefixes: affixes before the word Suffixes: affixes after the word According to linguistic origin: Native affixes: those that existed in English in the OE period or were formed from OE words, e.g. un-, mis-, over-, -ness, -hood, etc. Foreign affixes: Foreign affixes came as a part of loan words from Latin, Greek, French, or other languages, e.g. bi-, dis-, re-, mal-, -ism, etc. According to productivity: Productive (living): those that can be used to form new words. Unproductive (dead): those that are no longer used to form new words, e.g. with- a