北京科技大学研究生英语课文及翻译(标注).docx

Unit 1 Move Over, Big Brother Unit 1 老大哥，移过去一点 [1] Living without privacy, even in his bedroom, was no problem for Louis XIV. In fact, it was a way for the French king to demonstrate his absolute authority over even the most powerful members of the aristocracy. Each morning, they gathered to see the Sun King get up, pray, perform his bodily functions, choose his wig and so on. [1] 对路易十四而言，即使在卧室里生活没有隐私都不是问题。事实上，这是这位法国君主向那些甚至是最为显赫的贵族展示自己绝对君权的一种方式。每天早晨，这些权贵们聚集在一起观摩太阳王起床、祈祷、上厕所、挑假发等活动。 [2] Will this past—life without privacy—be our future? Many futurists, science-fiction writers and privacy advocates believe so. Big Brother, they have long warned, is watching. Closed-circuit television cameras often track your moves; your mobile phone reveals your location; your transit pass and credit cards leave digital trails. Now there is the possibility that citizens are being watched. [2] 过去这种生活——没有隐私的生活——会成为我们的未来吗? 许多未来学家、科幻小说作家和隐私权倡导者都确信会这样。他们一直提醒人们“老大哥”在监视着我们。闭路电视摄像头常常跟踪你的行动；你的手机会泄露你所在的位置；你的过境证和信用卡会留下数码痕迹。现在公民有可能正受到监视。 [3] But in the past few years, something strange has happened. Thanks to the spread of mobile phones, digital cameras and the internet, surveillance technology has become far more widely available. Bruce Schneier, a security guru, argues that a combination of forces—the miniaturisation of surveillance technologies, the falling price of digital storage and ever more sophisticated systems able to sort through large amounts of information—means that surveillance abilities that used to be limited to governments are now, or soon will be, in the hands of everyone. [3] 但是，在过去的几年中，某种奇怪的事情发生了。由于手机、数码相机和互联网的普及，监视技术被更为广泛地利用。保安专家布鲁斯·施奈尔认为，监视技术的微型化、数字存储设备价格的下降以及能够处理大量信息的更为尖端的系统的出现等因素的结合，意味着“监视能力曾经只由政府掌握，现在或在不久的将来，会掌握在每个人手中。” [4] Digital technologies, such as camera phones and the internet, are very different from their analogue counterparts. A digital image, unlike a conventional photograph, can be quickly and easily copied and distributed around the world. Another important