ds-末第2章习题.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Discrete-time system exercises Linearity A discrete-time system is linear if and only if H {a x(n)} = a H {x(n)} and H { x1(n) + x2(n)} = H {x1(n)} + H {x2(n)} for any constant a, and any sequences x(n), x1(n), and x2(n). Time invariance A discrete-time system is time invariant if and only if, for any input sequence x (n) and integer n0, then H { x(n-n0)}=y(n-n0) with y (n)= H { x(n)}. Causality A discrete-time system is causal if and only if, when x1(n) = x2(n) for n n0, then H {x1(n)} = H {x2(n)}, for n n0 1.1 (a) y(n)=(n+a)2x(n+4) 1.1 Characterize the systems below as linear/nonlinear, causal/noncausal and time invariant/time varying. (a) y(n)=(n+a)2x(n+4) Linearity: H{ax(n)}=(n+a)2ax(n+4)=a(n+a)2x(n+4)=aH{x(n) } H{x1(n)+x2(n)}=(n+a)2[x1(n+4)+x2(n+4)] = (n+a)2x1(n+4)+(n+a)2x2(n+4) =H{x1(n)}+H{x2(n)} therefore y(n) is linear. 1.1 (a) y(n)=(n+a)2x(n+4) Causality Because y(n)=(n+a)2x(n+4) i.e. the output for a certain time t = n of this system depends on the time after n (i.e. t = n+4). So the system is noncausal. 1.1 (a) y(n)=(n+a)2x(n+4) Time invariance H{x(n-n0)}=(n+a)2x (n-n0+4) y(n-n0)=(n-n0+a)2x(n-n0+4) If y(n) = H{x(n)}, then y(n-n0)≠H{x(n-n0)}. Therefore the system is time varying. 1.1 (b) y(n)=ax(nT+T) (b) y(n)=ax(nT+T) Linearity H{bx(n)}=abx(nT+T)=bH{x(n) } H{x1(n)+x2(n)}=a[x1(nT+T)+x2(nT+T)]=H{x1(n)}+H{x2(n)} Therefore y(n) is linear. Causality The output for a certain time t = n of this system depends on the time after n (i.e. t = nT+T, supposing T0). So the system is noncausal. Time invariance H{x(n-n0)}=ax[(n-n0)T+T]=y(n-n0) Therefore the system is time invariant. 1.1 (f) y(n)=x(n)/x(n+3) (f) y(n)=x(n)/x(n+3) Linearity H{ax(n)}=ax(n)/ax(n+3)=x(n)/x(n+3)≠ay(n) H{x1(n)+x2(n)}=[x1(n)+x2(n)]/[x1(